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Nicol prism
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Nicol prism
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Nicol prism , optical device invented (1828) by William Nicol of Edinburgh. It consists essentially of a crystal of calcite, or Iceland spar , that is cut at an angle into two equal pieces and joined together again with Canada balsam. An ordinary beam of light entering the crystal undergoes double refraction, i.e., is split into two parts, each of which is affected in a different way. One of these parts, the so-called ordinary ray, undergoes total reflection at the Canada-balsam joint and is turned off from its course to pass out at one side of the crystal. The other ray, the extraordinary ray, passes on through the crystal. By means of this device a beam of light can be polarized (see polarization of light ) or a beam of polarized light can be subjected to analysis. The principle involved has been applied to the microscope in the illumination of the field.
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition 2008
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright 2008 Columbia University Press
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nicol prism
nicol prism Two pieces of optically clear...Light entering the base of the prism is doubly refracted, and when...is reflected away from the prism while the other ray continues through the prism. Thus the light emerging from the prism is plane polarized . These prisms were invented by ...
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Nicol prism
Nicol prism A device for producing plane-polariz...consists of a rhombus-shaped prism of calcite crystal, cut diagonally...of Canada balsam within the prism cuts out one beam through total...reflection. The advantage of a Nicol prism over Polaroid material as a...geologist and physicist ...
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Nicol, William
Nicol, William (1768–1851) A mineralogist from Edinburgh, Nicol invented the calcite prism named after him and used in polarizing microscopes (see NICOL PRISM ). His description of a microscope based on his prisms was published in...
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prism
prism in optics, a piece of translucent glass or crystal...bent) by different amounts as they enter the prism obliquely and again as they leave it (see refraction...toward the red end, are refracted the least. The Nicol prism is a special type of prism made of calcite; it is used for ...
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Iceland spar
...crystallized calcite , characterized by its properties of transparency and double refraction. It is used chiefly in the manufacture of Nicol prisms , which are essential parts of polarizing microscopes and other optical instruments. The principal deposit is in Iceland...
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