New Economic Policy
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
New Economic Policy (NEP), official economic reconstruction program of the USSR from 1921 to 1928. It replaced the economic policies of "war Communism" (1918-21), an emergency program established by Lenin during the civil war. War Communism had included forced requisition of grain, nationalization of all trade and industry, strict control of labor, payment in kind, and confiscation of financial capital. As a result of this program and of the ravages of the war, industrial and agricultural production declined sharply, and the population suffered severe deprivation. General unrest erupted in an insurrection in the Kronstadt naval base. At this time (Mar., 1921) Lenin introduced the NEP in order to revive the economy. The new program signified a return to a limited capitalist system. Forced requisition of grain was replaced by a specific tax in kind; peasants could retain excess produce and sell it for a profit. Smaller businesses were permitted to operate as private enterprises. Large industries remained under state control. They operated on the open market, but the state controlled the fixing of prices and the appointment of boards of directors. Private trade and wages were restored, and compulsory labor service was abolished. By 1928, the NEP had raised the Soviet national income above its prewar level. However, the NEP policies proved inadequate for the expansionist aims of Stalin and were reversed (1928) by the first Five-Year Plan .
Find more facts and information related to the .
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright 2008 Columbia University Press
Related newspaper, magazine, and trade journal articles from HighBeam Research
(Including press releases, facts, information, and biographies)
|
RUSSIA: STROEV CRITICIZES 'WAR COMMUNISM' APPROACH OF 'FEDERATION'.(Brief Article)
; ...expel members who did not vote for the Land Code, Interfax reported. He said that this effort to introduce the discipline of war communism will reduce the usefulness of the upper chamber. The leaders of Federation for their part sharply criticized Stroev for his...
Read more
|
|
(book review)
; ...significant role for the state: the late Tsarist economy, War Communism (1918-1920), and the New Economic Policy (1921 - 1929). The...Russian history or of economics is assumed, and the policies of War Communism, for example, are compactly explained. On the other hand...
Read more
|
|
Emma Goldman in Exile: From the Russian Revolution to the Spanish Civil War.
; ...She was writing in response to the institution in Soviet Russia of War Communism, the Bolshevik reaction to the crisis of civil war and foreign intervention. War Communism halted,' Wexler writes, the democratic, egalitarian thrust of the early...
Read more
|
|
The Turning Point: Revitalizing the Soviet Economy.
; ...find the roots of Lenin's New Economic Policy (NEP) in the centralized, totalitarian measures of war Communism, and conclude that while war Communism bound the economy in chains, it also saved cities from starvation. All in all, the authors conclude...
Read more
|
|
Are there economic laws of socialism?
; ...seemed to fit not only the preconceptions about an ideal socialist future but the period of War Communism as well. The shift from War Communism to NEP, however, brought about the reintroduction of capitalist commodity markets and with it...
Read more
|
|
Workers against Lenin: labour protest and the Bolshevik dictatorship.
; ...Poland had ended, but from within. The measures known as war communism, which included rigorous labour discipline, a state monopoly...the civil war in 1920 there was widespread expectation that war communism's controls would be eased. Instead, the Communist Party instituted...
Read more
|
|
Playing Lenin
; ...it pays to know which was which. First came the Lenin of War Communism in 1918-20, the period in which Lenin, to consolidate the...of NEP and the more moderate Soviet foreign policy of the War Communism period. Whether we will see either flourish hinges, after...
Read more
|
|
|
Gorby and Z. (article published in New York Times analyzed) (editorial)
; ...to Gorbachev. Z finds its foundations solidly planted in war Communism, and its trajectory unaltered by significant deviations in...other scholars have drawn between Lenin and Stalin, between war Communism and the New Economic Policy, between Bukharin and Stalin...
Read more
|
|
The Renovationist movement in the Orthodox Church in the light of archival documents.
; ...After the chaotic years of the Civil War and the so-called War Communism decrees during which the murder of dozens of bishops, thousands...of market economy was combined with the retention of the War Communism decrees on lishentsy (the deprivees), i.e., people without...
Read more
|
 "Star Tribune (Minneapolis, MN)")
|
Critic's choice; `Revolution' a rookie effort with impressive cast, script.(ENTERTAINMENT)
; ...humor with her trademark intensity, she keeps this farce hopping. The story, which begins in the 1940s, is a satire of Cold War communism. Davis plays an Australian Communist whose impassioned letters to the man she calls Comrade Uncle Joe - Josef Stalin - earn...
Read more
|
For more facts and information,
see all related premium articles
Related entries from encyclopedias, dictionaries, and thesauruses
|
New Economic Policy (NEP)
...ownership of farmland and to collectivize agriculture under state control, effectively ending the NEP. By 1931 state control was reimposed over all industry and commerce. New Economic Policy (NEP) New Economic Policy (NEP) New Economic Policy (NEP)
Read more
|
|
New Economic Policy
New Economic Policy (NEP) A policy introduced in the USSR in 1921 which proposed to end widespread peasant hostility to the regime and terminate the chaos of the Russian economy, weakened by the Russian Civil War and Lenin's new Communist regime with arbitrary expropriations, confiscations of ...
Read more
|
|
New Economic Policy
New Economic Policy A policy introduced into the Soviet Union by LENIN in 1921. It represented a shift from his former “War Communism” policy, which had been adopted during the RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR to supply the...
Read more
|
|
Tariff Policy
...role of tariff policy in the diplomatic...TRADE INDEPENDENCE Economic survival lay at...of commercial policy, played a major...lifeblood. The new nation depended...overseas out of economic desperation as...commerce). Tariff policy was placed in...engaging in separate economic ...
Read more
|
|
Toward War: U.S. Foreign Policy and Isolationism
...achieve its goals. International economic and military pressures intensified...ascendant. Roosevelt and Foreign Policy in the 1930s Roosevelt's initial foreign policy was mixed. His administration took an isolationist stance at the World Economic Conference in June 1933, when it...were more ...
Read more
|
