Carl Menger
Carl Menger , 1840-1921, Austrian economist, a founder of the Austrian school of economics. He was professor of economics at the Univ. of Vienna from 1873 until 1903, when he retired to devote himself to research. Following an empirical approach rather than the historical method, he formulated a theory of marginal utility. The basic principle is that consumer goods have value of two orders, as they serve human needs directly or indirectly; thus he explained the economic phenomena of price and distribution in terms of social value. His theories are well known to the English-speaking world through the works of some of his associates, especially Friedrich von Wieser and Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk . In response to a particularly negative review of Menger's Problems of Economics and Sociology (1883) by Gustav Schmoller , Menger published a critique of the historical school of economics. This exchange resulted in long-standing animosity between the two schools of economic thought. His chief work is Principles of Economics (1871; tr. 1950).
Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.
|
Phase Forward Acquires Green Mountain Logic, An Innovative Provider of Software for Managing Phase I Clinical Trials.
Business Wire; 10/30/2007; 700+ words
; Green Mountain Logic's LabPas CT[TM] Complements Phase Forward's Product Portfolio - Building Upon Phase Forward's End-to-End eClinical Suite with Phase I Process Automation WALTHAM, Mass. -- Phase Forward (NASDAQ...
|
|
Are three phases better than one?
Magazine article from: Electrical Apparatus; 5/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...circuits are normally single-phase. That's also true for most...logical conclusion is that three-phase power transmission and distribution...evenly allocated among three phases, and overall efficiency...in a wye-connected three-phase circuit, line and individual...
|
|
Phase transformation of Zn-4AI-3Cu alloy during heat treatment
Magazine article from: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions; 4/1/1999; ; 700+ words
; ...into alpha and eta phases in 10 hours.[5...that the epsilon phase was a stable phase...structure), and alpha phase (aluminum-rich...are the stable phases below eutectoid temperature...eta, and epsilon phases above that temperature...present work, the phase transformations of...
|
|
Phase converters: run a three-phase pump on single-phase power; the fundamentals of pumped water systems.(Tech Topics)
Magazine article from: National Driller; 3/1/2009; ; 700+ words
; ...installing it, you find out that it is a three-phase motor and you only have single-phase power on the farm. You call the utility, and are told that it will be glad to bring in three-phase power from the road for about $15,000, but...
|
|
|
Phase Diagram Calculations in Teaching, Research, and Industry
Magazine article from: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions; 2/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; ...properties of all the phases in a system are known, the phase diagram can be...stabilities of the phases involved. Advances...computers to calculate phase diagrams has made...Features of a Binary Phase Diagram and the...Stabilities of the Phases Involved One of...
|
|
Phase noise contamination to Doppler spectra.
Magazine article from: Microwave Journal; 9/1/1996; ; 700+ words
; ...performance can be impaired by the destructive properties of phase noise. Phase noise can render a target undetectable, reduce a system...interpretation of Doppler data, need to be aware of phase noise phenomena and the effect of phase noise on Doppler...
|
+(New+Delhi%2c+India) "United News of India (UNI) (New Delhi, India)")
|
Phase-IV notification to be issued in UP tomorrow.
Newspaper article from: United News of India (UNI) (New Delhi, India); 4/10/2009; 700+ words
; ...Notification for the last phase in 14 seats would be...would be held in five phases, starting from April...Notification for the fourth phase of Lok Sabha elections...Notification for the last phase in 14 seats would be...would be held in five phases, starting from April...
|
|
|
Phase-III notification in UP tomorrow.
Newspaper article from: United News of India (UNI) (New Delhi, India); 4/1/2009; 700+ words
; ...the fifth and last phase on May 13. The elections...would be held in five phases, starting from April...for all the five phases would be taken up...crucial April 30 third phase Lok Sabha elections...the fifth and last phase on May 13. The elections...would be held in five phases, ...
|
|
Phase coherent signal testing.(COMMUNICATIONS TEST)(Statistical data)
Magazine article from: EE-Evaluation Engineering; 3/1/2009; ; 700+ words
; Phase coherence, that is a stable phase relationship between signals, is essential when making measurements...of algorithms used in MIMO receivers to compensate for defined phase differences between antennas as well as when testing modules that...
|
|
Phase wind-up analysis: assessing real-time kinematic performance.(Column)
Magazine article from: GPS World; 9/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; A circularly polarized antenna's phase depends directly on the antenna's orientation...source. As a result, the observed carrier phase depends on the relative orientation of...reference direction and thus the measured phase. Similarly, changing the orientation...
|
|
phase shift keying
Book article from: A Dictionary of Computing
...associated with a phase or phase change depends on the number of discrete phases that the carrier may...carrier may assume two phases then each phase or phase change represents...single bit. If four phases are used then each phase or phase change represents...
|
|
phase transformations at depth in the Earth
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to the Earth
...refer to a ‘phase’ as a substance...and ice are distinct phases with the same composition...conditions it experiences. Phase changes are fundamental...of layers of different phases, occasionally disturbed...capable of detecting phase transitions. Elastic...
|
|
Phase Diagrams
Encyclopedia entry from: International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences
Phase Diagrams Phase diagrams display the characteristics of dynamical systems. They include fixed points (equilibrium points); isoclines , which subdivide the phase space into different vector forces; trajectories , which show particular...
|
|
phase
Book article from: The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English
phase / fāz / • n...something's development: the final phases of the war | [as adj. ] phase two of the development is in progress...obsessed, but you are going through a phase . ∎ each of the...
|
|
phase-contrast microscope
Book article from: A Dictionary of Biology
phase-contrast microscope A type of microscope...tissues. It makes visible the changes in phase that occur when nonuniformly transparent...the light is slowed down and becomes out of phase with the original light. With transparent...
|
