Mandarin
From: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
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Date: 2008
Mandarin [Port. mandar =to govern, or from Malay mantri =counselor of state], a high official of imperial China. For each of the nine grades there was a different colored button worn on the dress cap. Mandarin Chinese was the language spoken by the official class and was based on the Beijing dialect. A version of Mandarin Chinese, known as putonghua [common language], is now taught throughout the country, and it is the official national language. A first or second language for roughly half the nation's population, it is widely spoken in native Chinese regions except along the southeastern coast, where the Cantonese, Fukienese, and Shanghai languages (considered by some to be Chinese dialects) are dominant. See Chinese .
Author not available, MANDARIN.,
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition 2008
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright 2008 Columbia University Press
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... tone does have an impact on native Beijing Mandarin speakers in the task of lexical decision ... task of lexical decision by native Beijing Mandarin speakers. The results also support the hypothesis ... beginning of a modification in the function of Mandarin tones: from a pure lexical tone to a ...
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... double digit RevPAR increases at each hotel. Mandarin Oriental Washington DC achieved a 13% increase ... respectively. As these quotes suggest, Mandarin Oriental New York has gained further recognition ... over the previous year. Let me now cover Mandarin Oriental's development activities over ... of Asia ... .
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&type=1 "Korea Times (Seoul, Korea)")
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