Sir Halford John Mackinder
Sir Halford John Mackinder , 1861-1947, English geopolitician. Educated at Oxford (1887-1905), he led in the revival of British geographical learning. He established geography as an academic subject, teaching at the universities of Reading and London, and was (1903-8) director of the London School of Economics. He was a member of Parliament (1909-22) and later held various imperial posts. In Democratic Ideals and Reality (1904), Mackinder propounded the view of Eurasia as the geographical pivot and "heartland" of history. The theory received little attention in Great Britain and the United States before World War II, but the idea of the heartland as a natural seat of power was adopted in Germany, notably by Karl Haushofer, and was used to support Nazi geopolitics .
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Resource Wars: The New Landscape of Global Conflict.
Magazine article from: Parameters; 9/22/2002; ; 700+ words
; ...discussed in detail in the book, World War II served as a case study in the importance of resources to national security. Karl Haushofer's concepts of lebensraum and autarky stressed the salience of resource access and self sufficiency to state power. Access...
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Karl Haushofer
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...Alfred Kjellen, the Swedish creator of the term geopolitics; Frederick Ratzell and his organismic theories; and Sir Halford John Mackinder, who put forth the heartland concept. His writings include Geopolitik des Pazifischen Ozeans (1925), Bausteine...
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