Pictures from Google Image Search

Louis the German

The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition | 2008 | The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright 2008 Columbia University Press. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Louis the German c.804-876, king of the East Franks (817-76). When his father, Emperor of the West Louis I , partitioned the empire in 817, Louis received Bavaria and adjacent territories. In the conflict between his brother Lothair I (who succeeded Louis I as emperor) and their father, Louis the German repeatedly changed sides. In 839 Louis I transferred some of Louis's holdings to Lothair; Louis again rebelled and his father died in the ensuing campaign. Louis now joined with his half brother Charles (Charles the Bald, later Emperor of the West Charles II ) against Lothair, who sought to gain supremacy in their kingdoms. They checked Lothair at Fontenoy (841), renewed their alliance (842; see Strasbourg, Oath of ), and forced Lothair to accept the Treaty of Verdun (843; see Verdun, Treaty of ), which made them independent sovereigns. In 858-59 Louis turned on Charles and unsuccessfully invaded the West Frankish kingdom (France), but both brothers soon directed their attention to the lands of Lothair's heirs, Emperor of the West Louis II and King Lothair of Lotharingia. After King Lothair's death Lotharingia was divided between them by the Treaty of Mersen (870). The death (875) of Louis II renewed the war between Louis the German and Charles; Charles quickly conquered Italy and was crowned emperor of the West. Louis the German, in the course of his reign, defended his frontiers against the Slavs and the Danes and suppressed several revolts of his sons, Carloman of Bavaria, Louis the Younger , and Charles the Fat (later Emperor of the West Charles III ).

Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.

  • MLA
  • Chicago
  • APA

"Louis the German." The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 23 Nov. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"Louis the German." The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (November 23, 2009). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-LouisGer.html

"Louis the German." The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2008. Retrieved November 23, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-LouisGer.html

Learn more about citation styles

Related newspaper, magazine, and trade journal articles from HighBeam Research

(Including press releases, facts, information, and biographies)

Biofeedback; Facts to Know.
Newspaper article from: NWHRC Health Center - Biofeedback; 6/19/2008; 700+ words ; Biofeedback isn't a treatment or a cure. It's a set of...order to control them. These changes, not the biofeedback equipment itself, are what improve your health. Biofeedback should never be used for treating symptoms that...
Biofeedback; Diagnosis.(health concerns of biofeedback)
Newspaper article from: NWHRC Health Center - Biofeedback; 7/20/2005; 700+ words ; Although biofeedback is harmless, your health care professional...your medical condition and guide the biofeedback therapist in developing an appropriate...progress as you proceed with treatment. Biofeedback is generally not a substitute for...
Biofeedback; Diagnosis.
Newspaper article from: NWHRC Health Center - Biofeedback; 6/19/2008; 700+ words ; Although biofeedback is harmless, your health care professional...your medical condition and guides the biofeedback therapist in developing an appropriate...progress as you proceed with treatment. Biofeedback is generally not a substitute for...
Biofeedback; Key Q&A.
Newspaper article from: NWHRC Health Center - Biofeedback; 6/19/2008; 700+ words ; ...for the same condition for which I'm seeking biofeedback therapy. Will biofeedback take the place of these drugs? It might, but...and only in conjunction with your physician. Biofeedback is another tool for you to use. Some people...
Biofeedback therapy shows ailing patients why the mind matters.
Newspaper article from: The Dallas Morning News (via Knight-Ridder/Tribune News Service); 7/26/2005; 700+ words ; ...million children suffering from asthma. Biofeedback holds promise as a complementary treatment...revealed. And that's good news for biofeedback specialists, too. The results bolster...over matter makes a difference. During biofeedback, a therapist attaches electrodes to...
Biofeedback: It's Not a Fairy Tale
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 1/23/1990; ; 700+ words ; "In the old days," said biofeedback therapist Barry L. Gruber...temperature and internal muscles. In biofeedback, the electricity fired by muscle...assortment of visual displays. Biofeedback's biggest problem is probably...
Biofeedback helps people get a grip on their bodies
Newspaper article from: Chicago Sun-Times; 8/26/1990; ; 700+ words ; ...year-old Nir Singh Kaur took her to a biofeedback clinic. "I felt if she could just...techniques to cope with pain, Khalsa says. Biofeedback is a drug-free training method aimed...high blood pressure. In recent years, biofeedback has been used to treat various childhood...
BIOFEEDBACK TREATS ONE TYPE OF CHRONIC CONSTIPATION
News Wire article from: US Fed News Service, Including US State News; 4/2/2007; 700+ words ; ...University of Iowa research shows biofeedback treatment can successfully retrain muscles. The biofeedback approach was better than standard treatment...condition either," Rao said. The biofeedback technique involves making people more...
Biofeedback; Overview.
Newspaper article from: NWHRC Health Center - Biofeedback; 6/19/2008; 700+ words ; Biofeedback is a therapeutic technique that teaches...and modify signals from your body. Biofeedback may be used to help people change the...skill independently. To understand biofeedback, think of a thermometer--an external...
Biofeedback. (Wonder Cures from the Fringe)
Magazine article from: U.S. News & World Report; 9/23/1991; ; 700+ words ; ...reports showing that a technique called biofeedback could enable people to mental control...pain. The scientists decided to see if biofeedback really worked. McKee's colleague...At this point McKee decided that biofeedback didn't have much of a future. But...

Related entries from encyclopedias, dictionaries, and thesauruses

Biofeedback
Encyclopedia entry from: Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders Biofeedback Definition Biofeedback is a technique that uses monitoring instruments to measure and...skin temperature, or brain activity. Terms associated with biofeedback include applied psychophysiology or behavioral physiology. It...
biofeedback
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition biofeedback method for learning to increase one's ability to control biological...and ultimately control them without the aid of monitoring devices. Biofeedback programs have been used to teach patients to relax muscles or adjust...
Bladder Training
Encyclopedia entry from: Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine, 3rd ed. ...options, including Kegel exercises, biofeedback, bladder training, medication, insertable...additional alternate treatment such as biofeedback or pelvic muscle exercises may be recommended...nafc.org 〉 . KEY TERMS BiofeedbackBiofeedback training monitors...
Bruxism
Encyclopedia entry from: Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine ...bed to prevent grinding while asleep. Biofeedback , which teaches an individual to control...a treatment option for bruxism. In biofeedback treatments, sensors placed on the surface...instantly through the sensor readout on the biofeedback equipment. Once the technique is learned...
Alternative Medicine
Encyclopedia entry from: UXL Encyclopedia of Science ...meditation, chiropractic, massage therapy, biofeedback, naturopathy, and many others. Although...body's ability to fight disease. Biofeedback is a relaxation technique in which an...x2014; without the aid of signals. Biofeedback has been used to treat migraines, to...

For students and teachers!

Encyclopedia.com provides students and teachers facts, information, and biographies from verified, citable sources, including:

Encyclopedia.com provides students and teachers facts, information, and biographies from verified, citable sources, including: