Thaddeus Kosciusko
Thaddeus Kosciusko , Pol. Tadeusz Andrzej Bonawentura Košciuszko, 1746-1817, Polish general. Trained in military academies in Warsaw and Paris, he offered his services to the colonists in the American Revolution because of his commitment to the ideal of liberty. Arriving in America in 1777, he took part in the Saratoga campaign and advised Horatio Gates to fortify Bemis Heights. Later he fortified (1778) West Point and fought (1780) with distinction under Gen. Nathanael Greene in the Carolina campaign. After his return to Poland he became a champion of Polish independence. He fought (1792-93) in the campaign that resulted in the second partition (1793) of Poland (see Poland, partitions of ). In 1794 he issued a call at Kraków for a national uprising and led the Polish forces against both Russians and Prussians in a gallant but unsuccessful rebellion that ended with the final partition of Poland. He was imprisoned, and after being freed (1796) went to the United States and later (1798) to France, where after the fall of Napoleon he pleaded with Alexander I of Russia for Polish independence. He died in Solothurn, Switzerland, and is buried in Kraków. His devotion to liberty and Polish independence have made him one of the great Polish heroes.
Bibliography: See studies by M. Haiman (1943, repr. 1975 and 1946, repr. 1977).
Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.
|
Total fertilization failure and idiopathic subfertility.(Research)(Report)
Magazine article from: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology; 1/12/2009; ; 700+ words
; ...that factors exist that impair fertilization, implantation and placentation...hypothesized that impaired fertilization could be a result of oocyte...2, 3, 4]. If impaired fertilization is one of the causes of subfertility...
|
|
Effect of midrotation fertilization on growth and specific gravity of loblolly pine.(Report)
Magazine article from: Canadian Journal of Forest Research; 5/1/2009; ; 700+ words
; ...application of thinning and fertilization is a widely accepted management...the capacity of midrotation fertilization to augment wood production...financially attractive ways. Fertilization at midrotation in loblolly...
|
|
The relative nature of fertilization success: Implications for the study of post-copulatory sexual selection.(Research article)
Magazine article from: BMC Evolutionary Biology; 5/12/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...role in determining fertilization output [16, 17...s ability to win fertilizations in conditions of...words, a male's fertilization success depends not...rival males to win fertilizations. This study asks...first time whether fertilization success measures...
|
|
Egg Longevity and Time-Integrated Fertilization in a Temperate Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis).
Magazine article from: The Biological Bulletin; 8/1/2001; ; 700+ words
; ...time-integrated fertilizations (over 24, 48...in baskets accrued fertilizations over as much as 48...attained fairly high fertilization levels. Our results...considerable effects on fertilization levels in natural...potentially allows fertilizations to accrue over time...
|
|
A simulation study of abalone fertilization.(Report)
Magazine article from: Journal of Shellfish Research; 8/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...aggregations of adult abalone populations on the fertilization success (amount of fertilization per spawning female). Impacts of densities...densities and sizes of spawning grounds. The fertilization success increased with the adult density...
|
|
Late fall fertilization of athletic fields.(green science)
Magazine article from: SportsTURF; 10/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...fertilize in late fall? Late fall fertilization has been promoted as a means of prolonging...and during mild winters. Late fall fertilization will also enhance spring green-up...that often accompanies early spring fertilization. This green-up often will last into...
|
|
|
In situ rates of fertilization among broadcast spawning gorgonian corals.
Magazine article from: The Biological Bulletin; 2/1/1996; ; 700+ words
; ...eggs are readily fertilized, that fertilization rates are relatively uniform over time...reproductive strategy. The assumption that fertilization is uniformly great may be incorrect...growing body of literature suggests that fertilization has the potential to be a limiting...
|
|
|
Fertilization in an egg-brooding colonial ascidian does not vary with population density.
Magazine article from: The Biological Bulletin; 6/1/2004; ; 700+ words
; ...sperm into the surrounding seawater), fertilization has also attracted attention as a possible...1996; Coma and Lasker, 1997a). Fertilization will not be successful if the distance...studies have documented decreasing fertilization with distance from a sperm source in...
|
|
Sperm quality influences male fertilization success in walleye (Sander vitreus).
Magazine article from: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences; 9/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; ...asymptote close to 95% fertilization success (Marconato...sperm number and male fertilization success has also been...examined using in vitro fertilizations with rainbow trout...relationship between male fertilization success and sperm...
|
|
|
Effects of spatial distribution and reproductive biology on in situ fertilization rates of a broadcast-spawning invertebrate.
Magazine article from: The Biological Bulletin; 8/1/1997; ; 700+ words
; Introduction Whether or not fertilization rates constrain the reproductive success...Despite a growing number of studies on fertilization rates, the questions still remain whether low fertilization rates are common, whether low fertilization...
|
|
Fertilization
Book article from: Animal Sciences
Fertilization Life can persist in one of two ways...being the larger of the two types. Fertilization is the union of a male and a female...offspring. There are many ways in which fertilization can occur in nature. The sexual organs...
|
|
fertilization
Book article from: A Dictionary of Biology
fertilization ( syngamy ) The union of male and...the correct number of chromosomes, fertilization and zygote formation results in a...e.g. insects, many mammals) fertilization occurs in the body of the female...
|
|
In Vitro Fertilization
Encyclopedia entry from: Gale Encyclopedia of Surgery: A Guide for Patients and Caregivers
In vitro fertilization Definition In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a procedure in which eggs (ova) from a...similar procedures to conceive. Description In vitro fertilization is a procedure in which the joining of egg and sperm...
|
|
in vitro fertilization
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
in vitro fertilization , technique for conception of a...intracytoplasmic sperm injection. If fertilization is successful, a fertilized ovum...children. The use of in vitro fertilization has resulted in the birth of more...
|
|
Reproduction, Fertilization and
Book article from: Plant Sciences
Reproduction, Fertilization and Gametes in plants —...nutritive endosperm during double fertilization. Fusion of sperm cells with each...embryo in flowering plants. During fertilization in plants, male and female gametes...
|
