Hessian fly
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition | Date: 2008
Hessian fly European gall gnat , Phytophaga destructor, so named because it was first observed in America shortly after the Hessian troops landed on Long Island in the American Revolution. It is one of the most destructive pests of wheat, barley, and rye. There are usually two generations a year but may be up to five. The adults, 1/10 in. (0.25 cm) long, live only a few days. They lay their eggs on plants, usually where the stems are covered by leaves; the larvae feed on the sap and weaken the plants so that they cannot bear grain. In its winter pupa stage the insect looks like and is called a flaxseed. Some control is achieved by planting winter wheat late, after the adult females have laid their eggs. The Hessian fly is classified in the phylum Arthropoda , class Insecta, order Diptera, family Cecidomyiidae.
Bibliography: See bulletins of the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture.
Author not available, HESSIAN FLY.,
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition 2008
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright 2008 Columbia University Press
Related newspaper, magazine, and journal articles from HighBeam Research
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Fighting the Hessian fly: American and British responses to insect invasion, 1776-1789
Environmental History; 7/1/2002; Pauly, Philip J; 787 words
; (ProQuest Information and Learning: Deletions showns by "strike-through" in the original text are ommited.) The origin of the name was quite specific. In 1788, George Morgan-colonel in the Revolution, member of the American Philosophical Society, and gentleman-farmer in New Jersey-explained to
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Wheat Journal.
Farm Journal; 2/15/2008; Wenzel, Wayne; 519 words
; Byline: Wayne Wenzel Scout for Hessian Fly Hessian flies are making an unwelcome comeback. Missouri, Oklahoma and Indiana, for example, recently identified the Hessian fly as a problem for the first time in 10 years. The use of resistant wheat varieties was an early and relatively successful
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Resistance to Hessian fly conditioned by genes H19 and proposed gene H27 of durum wheat line PI422297.
Crop Science; 1/1/1997; Ohm, H.W. Ratcliffe, R.H. Patterson, F.L. Cambron, S.E.; 787 words
; Host plant resistance has been used extensively to control damage to wheat, Triticum spp. L., caused by the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say). Twenty-six genes for resistance have been identified and labeled H1 to H26 (McIntosh, 1988; McIntosh et al., 1992; Cox and Hatchett, 1994). The
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Transfer of Wheat-Rye Translocation Chromosomes Conferring Resistance to Hessian Fly from Bread Wheat into Durum Wheat.
Crop Science; 11/1/1999; Friebe, B. Kynast, R. G. Hatchett, J. H. Sears, R. G. Wilson, D. L. Gill, B. S.; 787 words
; THE HESSIAN FLY is a destructive pest of bread wheat (T. aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) and durum wheat T. turgidum L. ssp. durum Desf. Husn., 2n = 4x = 28, AABB) in most production areas of the world. To date, 29 major genes conferring resistance to Hessian fly have been identified and are
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Resistance in durum wheat sources to Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) populations in Eastern USA. (Plant Genetic Resources).(Statistical Data Included)
Crop Science; 7/1/2002; Ratcliffe, R.H. Patterson, F.L. Cambron, S.E. Ohm, H.W.; 787 words
; DURUM WHEAT GERMPLASM, especially from the Mediterranean region, is an important source of genes for resistance to Hessian fly. Once Hessian fly resistance is identified in durum wheats, it seems prudent to test accessions for resistance to a number of fly biotypes or populations to identify those
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