Joseph Simon Gallieni
Joseph Simon Gallieni , 1849-1916, French general and colonial administrator. He served well in the Sudan and Tonkin and, as governor-general (1896-1905), solidly established French administration in Madagascar. Called from retirement in World War I, he served as military governor of Paris and was the crucial figure in the French victory of the Marne (1914). Although credit for the victory went to General Joffre as commander, it seems clear that it was Gallieni who saw the opportunity for counterattack and urged Joffre into action. Gallieni later became (1915) minister of war under Aristide Briand and demanded reorganization of the command and more complete preparation for war. The cabinet refused, and he resigned (1916) on a plea of ill health, dying within the year. His proposals were implemented after his death; in 1921 he was made a marshal posthumously. Gallieni wrote several books on colonial affairs.
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Permafrost: A Guide to Frozen Ground in Transition.(Book Review)
Magazine article from: Northern Review; 6/22/2005; ; 700+ words
; Permafrost: A Guide to Frozen Ground in Transition...the public. His latest contribution, Permafrost: A Guide to Frozen Ground in Transition...resource managers, and land use planners. Permafrost is an engaging and delightful exploration...
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 "Wisconsin State Journal (Madison, WI)")
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THAWING PERMAFROST MAY HEAT THINGS UP GASES RELEASED A SLOW-MOTION TIME BOMB'.(FRONT)
Newspaper article from: Wisconsin State Journal (Madison, WI); 9/7/2006; 700+ words
; ...soil are bubbling out of the thawing permafrost in amounts far higher than previously...dioxide -- is being released from the permafrost at a rate five times faster than thought...forecast: Warming already under way thaws permafrost, soil that has been continuously frozen...
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Melting Arctic permafrost threatens homes and roads
Newspaper article from: China Daily; 12/22/2005; 700+ words
; ...almost all of the top layer of Arctic permafrost by the end of the century. Scientists...of carbon stored in the soil. If the permafrost does thaw, as our model predicts...major influence on climate." Thawing permafrost is one of several climate "tipping...
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Circum-Arctic map of permafrost and ground ice conditions.
Magazine article from: Arctic; 9/1/1998; 700+ words
; ...Simon W. Muller coined the word permafrost. At first some linguistic purists...Permalift brassieres. But the term permafrost has stuck in English, and here...s team from the International Permafrost Association presents a multitude...
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Permafrost thaw releases much more gas than thought: Scientists worry global warming could become greatly accelerated
Newspaper article from: Charleston Gazette; 9/7/2006; ; 700+ words
; ...soil are bubbling out of the thawing permafrost in amounts far higher than previously...dioxide - is being released from the permafrost at a rate five times faster than thought...forecast: Warming already underway thaws permafrost, soil that has been continuously frozen...
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A Place in the Permafrost For the Woolly Mammoth
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 10/6/1997; ; 700+ words
; ...as a "she." So for Siberians, permafrost is a lady -- "a wild one," said scientist Tatiana Botulu. "Permafrost may look calm and composed, and...which is dedicated to the study of permafrost, the slab of the Earth's crust...
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Permafrost May Be Shrinking Arctic Lakes
News Wire article from: AP Online; 6/4/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...Siberia and concluded that lakes where permafrost remains frozen are growing. But lakes where permafrost has become mushy are shrinking or disappearing...Arctic lakes are shrinking, and melting permafrost brought on by higher temperatures may...
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EAST LANSING, Mich.: Climate Change and Permafrost Thaw Alter Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Northern Wetlands
News Wire article from: Targeted News Service; 8/8/2007; 700+ words
; ...issued the following press release: Permafrost - the perpetually frozen foundation...and cons when terra firma goes soft. Permafrost serves like a platform underneath vast...are rooted, literally, in melting permafrost in many northern ecosystems. But rising...
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Bad sign for global warming: Thawing permafrost holds vast carbon pool.(Report)
Newspaper article from: NewsRx Health & Science; 9/21/2008; 700+ words
; Permafrost blanketing the northern hemisphere contains...have estimated the carbon contained in permafrost in northeast Siberia. The new research expands that estimate to the rest of the permafrost-covered northern latitudes of Russia...
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BIOLOGISTS: GREENING ARCTIC NOT LIKELY TO OFFSET PERMAFROST CARBON RELEASE
News Wire article from: US Fed News Service, Including US State News; 7/1/2009; 700+ words
; ...across the Arctic compensate for the permafrost's rising release of carbon, blunting...twice as much carbon locked up in the permafrost as now present in the atmosphere, will...thawing continues in a warmer world, the permafrost will spew carbon for decades, and the...
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permafrost and climate change
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to the Earth
permafrost and climate change Areas of permafrost are usually defined as those regions of the world in which...of thousands of years). The thickest accumulations of permafrost in the world presently occur in north-eastern Siberia...
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permafrost
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to the Earth
permafrost Permafrost is ground that remains at or below 0°C for at least 2 years. About one-quarter of the Earth's land surface is underlain by permafrost, including over half of Canada and Alaska, the Tibetan Plateau...
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Permafrost
Book article from: World of Earth Science
Permafrost About 20% of Earth's surface is covered by permafrost, land that is frozen year-round. Permafrost occurs at high latitudes or at very high altitudes — anywhere the mean annual soil temperature is below freezing . About...
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permafrost table
Book article from: A Dictionary of Ecology
permafrost table The upper limit of permafrost . Compare tjaele .
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rock glaciers
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to the Earth
...flows only slowly. A second ‘permafrost model’ explains the slow...necessary. It does, however, demand permafrost conditions (usually seen as a mean...glaciers have been used as indicators of permafrost (or past permafrost if relict features...
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