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François Duvalier

François Duvalier , 1907-71, dictator of Haiti (1957-71). A physician, he became director-general of the national public health service in 1946 and subsequently served as minister of health and of labor. After opposing Paul Magloire's coup in 1950, he hid in the interior, practicing medicine, until a general political amnesty was granted in 1956. In 1957, with army backing, "Papa Doc," as he was known, was overwhelmingly elected president. Reelected in a sham election in 1961, he declared himself "president for life" in 1964. His regime, the longest in Haiti's history, was a brutal reign of terror; political opponents were summarily executed, and the populace was kept in a state of abject fear by the notorious Tonton Macoutes . Under Duvalier, the economy of Haiti continued to deteriorate, and the illiteracy rate remained at about 90%. Duvalier nevertheless maintained his hold over Haiti. His practice of voodooism encouraged rumors among the people that he possessed supernatural powers. He died in Apr., 1971, after arranging for his son, Jean-Claude, to succeed him.

Bibliography: See J.-P. Gingras, Duvalier: Caribbean Cyclone (1967); A. Burt and B. Diederich, Papa Doc (1969, repr. 1990); J. Ferguson, Papa Doc-Baby Doc (1987).

Related newspaper, magazine, and trade journal articles from HighBeam Research

(Including press releases, facts, information, and biographies)

	Papa Doc & the Tontons Macoutes.(Brief Article)(Book Review) Magazine article from: Reference & Research Book News; 5/1/2006; 99 words ; 1558762906 Papa Doc & the Tontons Macoutes. Diederich...published in 1969 under the title Papa Doc: Haiti and Its Dictator...regime of Haitian dictator Papa Doc Duvalier for its ten years in power...the relationship between Duvalier and the United States, the...his regime, ... Read more
	Savages. (Haiti) Magazine article from: National Review; 4/11/1986; ; 700+ words ; ...WAS GLAD to hear that the Duvalier regime had ended. I know Haiti...been there three times under Papa Doc. These visits I risked only...and in witchcraft. Though Papa Doc, alias Francois Duvalier, had a U.S. medical degree...sorcery. It is well known that Papa Doc had ... Read more
	Getting to know the general. (Haitian military leader General Raoul Cedras) Magazine article from: National Review; 11/29/1993; ; 700+ words ; ...is reminiscent of attempts by President Kennedy to dislodge Papa Doc in 1963. An American flotilla surrounded the island. The OAS...flight of the American ambassador. Not that Cedras resembles Papa Doc, the voodoo dictator and champion of noirisme. Le general... Read more
	A wretched place on earth: the agony of Haiti, unending and worsening.(The Americas) Magazine article from: National Review; 4/5/2004; ; 700+ words ; ...populism of Aristide was foreshadowed by that of Francois Duvalier--Papa Doc--who, besides being a doctor, was an ethnographer who...idea that Haitians should become more like whites. As Papa Doc's dictatorship demonstrated, cultural authenticity... Read more
	Revenge of the Tonton Macoute. (Haitian terrorism) Magazine article from: The Progressive; 5/1/1993; ; 700+ words ; ...novel, the terror was carried out by President Francois (Papa Doc) Duvalier's Tonton Macoutes. The zinglando are the Macoutes' successors...was to bring back the old system of the Duvaliers - Papa Doc and son Jean-Claude (Baby Doc) ruled this way from 1957... Read more
	Haiti on the brink of ecocide. Magazine article from: E; 8/1/1994; ; 700+ words ; ...came to Haiti in 1970, when Papa Doc Francois Duvalier had his PRESIDENT FOR LIFE...ask them for an opinion of Papa Doc Duvalier. In the streets, people were...Mutilates? Yes. The ones Duvalier has disfigured so badly that... Read more
	Democracy comes to the Black republic. (Haiti) Magazine article from: National Review; 10/24/1986; ; 700+ words ; ...junta, asking summary execution of those leaders of the Duvalierist Tontons Macoutes still unlynched, and leading bloody...him with carrying out orders from President Francois ( Papa Doc ) Duvalier to round up and execute the president's mulatto enemies...and executions were carried out not by the ... Read more
	Conservatives split on China.(U.S. relations with China)(Column) Magazine article from: National Review; 5/19/1997; ; 700+ words ; ...and at the time we landed the Marines in Santo Domingo, Papa Doc Duvalier reigned two hundred miles to the west, one of the most conspicuous...century, the quintessential human-rights violater. Against Papa Doc our energies were primarily moral and, only late in the game... Read more
	The Comedians.(Brief Article)(Young Adult Review)(Audiobook Review) Magazine article from: Kliatt; 7/1/2002; ; 254 words ; ...and Brown, a hotel owner with no guests. Haiti under Papa Doc Duvalier during the 1950s is a place of violence. The Tontons...South American ambassador. Jones tries to con the Duvalier government, with predictable disastrous results. And... Read more
	Edouard Duval-Carrie at the Miami Art Museum and Bernice Steinbaum.(Brief Article) Magazine article from: Art in America; 3/1/2001; ; 600 words ; Edouard Duval-Carrie was born in Haiti, but when he was a child, his family fled Papa Doc Duvalier's regime. He studied in Montreal and at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris before moving to Miami. From this long perspective he... Read more

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Graham Greene Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition ...set in Cuba; A Burnt-Out Case (1961), in the Belgian Congo just before its independence; The Comedians (1966), in François Duvalier's Haiti; and The Captain and the Enemy (1980), in Panama. His fine sense of comedy is displayed in the short-story... Read more

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