Bohdan Chmielnicki
Bohdan Chmielnicki , c.1595-1657, hetman (leader) of Ukraine. An educated member of the Ukrainian gentry, he early joined the Ukrainian Cossacks . Elected (1648) hetman of the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks, he led their rebellion against oppressive Polish rule. After defeating the Polish army, the Cossacks joined with the Polish peasantry, murdering over 100,000 Jews. At first successful, the revolt grew into a national revolution of the Ukrainian people. Two treaties (1649, 1651) with Poland—the second less satisfactory than the first—were broken by the Poles, and the war dragged on. As compromise with Poland proved to be impossible, Chmielnicki's objective came to be an independent Ukrainian state; for aid he turned to Czar Alexis of Russia. In 1654 at Pereyaslavl (renamed Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyy in 1944), Ukraine was proclaimed a protectorate of Moscow and recognized as autonomous. The alliance ultimately led to the destruction of Ukrainian autonomy; its immediate result was resumption of the war, which ended only in 1667 with the Treaty of Andrusov, which partitioned Ukraine between Poland and Russia.
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MUHAMMAD GITMO PROCEEDINGS BEGIN DESPITE DEFENSE BOYCOTT
News Wire article from: US Fed News Service, Including US State News; 4/7/2006; 700+ words
; ...for suspected terrorist Binyam Ahmed Muhammad began dramatically here yesterday...essentially boycotting the proceedings and Muhammad requesting to represent himself. At the start of the proceeding, Muhammad was joined at the defense table only...
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Muhammad Is Assigned A Veteran Defense Team; Court Appearance His 2nd in Prince William
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 11/14/2002; ; 700+ words
; Sniper suspect John Allen Muhammad appeared in Prince William County...Greenspun and Jonathan Shapiro to Muhammad's defense team during the 10-minute...Greenspun was asked to represent Muhammad last week and stood with his client...
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Muhammad impassive as guilty verdicts read Trial moves to penalty phase as jury decides on prison or execution
Newspaper article from: Oakland Tribune; 11/18/2003; ; 700+ words
; ...a jury on Monday convicted John Allen Muhammad of murdering Dean H. Meyers at a Virginia...took just seven hours to decide that Muhammad directed a 23-day shooting spree intended...verdicts before the silent courtroom, Muhammad stood bolt upright, stared straight...
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Muhammad's Bid for New Trial Rejected; Prince William Judge Denies Series of Motions, Changes Date for Sniper's Sentencing
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 2/21/2004; ; 700+ words
; ...judge yesterday declined to overturn John Allen Muhammad's murder conviction and ruled that the sniper...Jr. denied a series of legal motions from Muhammad's attorneys, ruling that Muhammad received a fair trial and that the evidence...
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Muhammad Prosecutors Must Share Evidence; Witnesses Discussed Malvo Relationship
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 8/27/2003; ; 700+ words
; Prosecutors must give John Allen Muhammad's attorneys statements from as many as...County concerned witness statements about Muhammad's relationship with co- defendant Lee Boyd Malvo. Muhammad's attorneys say they believe that the...
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MUHAMMAD DEFENDS HIMSELF ARGUING HIS OWN CASE SNIPER SUSPECT'S SURPRISE MOVE BEGINS DAY OF DRAMA.(FRONT)
Newspaper article from: The Virginian Pilot; 10/21/2003; 700+ words
; ...VIRGINIA BEACH -- Sniper suspect John Allen Muhammad made the stunning move Monday to represent...nothing to do with those crimes,'' Muhammad told the jury. ``Directly or indirectly.'' Dressed in a sport coat and tie, Muhammad looked at ease standing at the podium...
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Muhammad Planned More Shootings, Jury Is Told; Prosecutors Seeking Death Penalty Also Describe Attempted Escape
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 11/19/2003; ; 700+ words
; John Allen Muhammad was planning additional shootings in...testimony Tuesday in the penalty phase of Muhammad's trial. Prosecutors called 17 witnesses...effort to secure the death penalty against Muhammad. They have argued that he is the "worst...
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Muhammad introduced Malvo as sniper; Ex-Army buddy testifies.(PAGE ONE)
Newspaper article from: The Washington Times; 11/8/2003; 700+ words
; ...BEACH - A former Army buddy of John Allen Muhammad's yesterday testified that Mr. Muhammad introduced Lee Boyd Malvo to him as a sniper...auto mechanic Robert Holmes testified in the Muhammad sniper trial. "Lee just smiled." Mr...
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Muhammad gets OK to defend self; Attorneys on 'standby'.(PAGE ONE)
Newspaper article from: The Washington Times; 10/21/2003; 700+ words
; ...WASHINGTON TIMES VIRGINIA BEACH - John Allen Muhammad took charge of his own defense yesterday...nothing to do with these crimes," Mr. Muhammad told the jury. "Pay attention, please...fellow defendant Lee Boyd Malvo. Mr. Muhammad said he knew who had fired the shots...
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Muhammad Facing Old Team in Panthers
News Wire article from: AP Online; 11/16/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...N.C. Chicago Bears receiver Muhsin Muhammad (87), defended by Detroit Lions safety...in this Oct. 30, 2005 file photo. Muhammad comes face-to-face with his former...Panthers. (AP Photo/Paul Sancya) Muhsin Muhammad ended last season as the most prolific...
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Muhammad
Encyclopedia entry from: U*X*L Encyclopedia of World Biography
Muhammad Born: c. 570 Mecca, Arabia Died: 632 Medina, Arabia Arabian prophet Muhammad was the founder of the religion of Islam and...into the Arab Empire. Call to be a prophet Muhammad was born after his father's death in Mecca...
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Muhammad, Elijah
Encyclopedia entry from: U*X*L Encyclopedia of World Biography
Elijah Muhammad Born: October 7, 1897 Sandersville...African American religious leader Elijah Muhammad was the leader of the Nation of Islam...institutions, and religion. Early life Elijah Muhammad was born Elijah (or Robert) Poole on...
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Muhammad, Khallid Abdul 1951(?)—
Book article from: Contemporary Black Biography
Khallid Abdul Muhammad 1951(?) — Nation of Islam spokesperson Khallid Abdul Muhammad calls himself a “ truth terrorist...spokesman allied with the Nation of Islam, Muhammad has ignited a storm of controversy through...
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Muhammad, Idris
Book article from: Contemporary Musicians
Idris Muhammad Drummer For the Record … A drummer of great stylistic range, Idris Muhammad played on classic 1960s pop hits such as...eventually settling in Austria in the 1990s, Muhammad remained in demand on jazz and R&...
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Muhammad, Khallid Abdul 1948–2001
Book article from: Contemporary Black Biography
Khallid Abdul Muhammad 1948 – 2001 Activist, former...Malcolm X ” Khallid Abdul Muhammad called himself a “ truth terrorist...spokesman allied with the Nation of Islam, Muhammad ignited a storm of controversy through...
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