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Menachem Begin
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Menachem Begin
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Menachem Begin , 1913-92, Zionist leader and Israeli prime minister (1977-83), b. Russia. He became (1938) leader of a Zionist youth movement in Poland, where he also earned a law degree. Begin went to Palestine in 1942; there, he headed the Irgun, a militant organization that fought against the British Mandate authorities. After 1949 he sat in the Knesset, where he led the opposition to the Labor party. In May, 1977, Begin's right-wing Likud party defeated Labor for the first time, and Begin became prime minister. He shared the 1978 Nobel Peace Prize with Egyptian President Anwar al- Sadat as a result of the Camp David accords . In 1982, Begin authorized a massive invasion of Lebanon in order to destroy military bases of the Palestine Liberation Organization (see Arab-Israeli Wars ). The war caused intense domestic and international pressure and failed to achieve Israel's principal aims. Begin resigned from office in 1983.
Bibliography: See A. Perlmutter, The Life and Times of Menachem Begin (1987).
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright 2008 Columbia University Press
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