Pictures from Google Image Search

Celâl Bayar

The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition | 2008 | The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright 2008 Columbia University Press. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Celâl Bayar , 1884-1986, Turkish statesman. The son of a religious leader and teacher, Bayar joined the nationalist movement after the Young Turk revolution. Kemal Atatürk's colleague after World War I, he held several ministerial positions (1921-37); he supervised the Greek-Turkish exchange of population (1923). In 1937 he became premier, but he resigned the post after Atatürk's death (1938). In 1946 he founded with Adnan Menderes and others the Democratic party, which came to power in 1950. He then became president of the republic and was reelected in 1954 and 1957. Ousted in 1960 by Cemal Gürsel, he was tried for violating the constitution and sentenced to death. The sentence was commuted to life imprisonment in 1961. Bayar was released because of ill health in 1964 and pardoned in 1966.

Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.

  • MLA
  • Chicago
  • APA

"Celâl Bayar." The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 16 Nov. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"Celâl Bayar." The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (November 16, 2009). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Bayar-Ce.html

"Celâl Bayar." The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2008. Retrieved November 16, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Bayar-Ce.html

Learn more about citation styles

Related newspaper, magazine, and trade journal articles from HighBeam Research

(Including press releases, facts, information, and biographies)

Mennonites come from a variety of backgrounds
Newspaper article from: Winnipeg Free Press; 12/24/2006; 700+ words ; ...challenge, although Mennonites do it very successfully through Mennonite Central Committee...hosts the Chair of Mennonite Studies. Mennonites also support a Bible...anyone can become a Mennonite. Mennonites are not an ethnic...
Mennonite Choral Music Recordings of the West Coast Mennonite Chamber Choir
Magazine article from: Journal of American Folklore; 7/1/2008; ; 700+ words ; ...Recordings of the West Coast Mennonite Chamber Choir Mennonites, an Anabaptist Protestant...viewing the varied terrain of Mennonite musical practice and, to a lesser degree, Mennonite history. Mennonites trace their religious and...
Mennonite dating service: an online adventure.
Magazine article from: The Christian Century; 9/9/2008; ; 700+ words ; ...or of my belief in Mennonite pillars of faith...that best represent Mennonites for you. How about...authenticity? If l were a Mennonite of Russian descent...religiously as the Mennonite identity--is fluid...idealized version of Mennonites lurks behind each question...
Mennonites in the Global Village.
Magazine article from: Canadian Ethnic Studies Journal; 6/22/2001; ; 700+ words ; ...traditional Mennonite diversity persists as Mennonites "deconstruct...Saskatchewan Mennonite community early...Old Colony Mennonites in 1955 and...characterizes Mennonite views, but...educated Mennonites are open to...
Mennonite household arts
Magazine article from: Art Education; 11/1/2002; ; 700+ words ; ...is the story of Mennonite household arts...religious group called Mennonites has experienced...that followed the Mennonite emergence, disparate...groups of Swiss Mennonites settled in eastern...key element in Mennonite daily life. They...to the fact that Mennonites, like all ...
Mennonite Community Enjoys Simplicity at Home in Grandview, Texas.
Newspaper article from: Knight Ridder/Tribune Business News; 12/21/2003; 700+ words ; ...same building as the Mennonite church. Although Pennsylvania...come to mind when the Mennonites are mentioned, Lott...have similar-size Mennonite populations. Of Grandview...residents, about 180 are Mennonites. Smaller settlements...
Mennonites defy district, will ordain a woman
Newspaper article from: Sunday News Lancaster, PA; 6/3/2007; ; 700+ words ; ...According to a May 23 article in Mennonite Weekly Review, the district...under a 1999 recommendation. Mennonite Weekly Review said there are...in the Lancaster District. Mennonites contacted for comment Saturday...division in the conference. Mennonite Weekly Review said more than...
Mennonite convention looks at how to improve nation's health care
Newspaper article from: Lancaster New Era Lancaster, PA; 7/11/2005; ; 700+ words ; ...at James Street Mennonite Church, said she...will encourage Mennonites to make better...Chestnut Street Mennonite Church and a professor...College, said Mennonites have always tried...pastors at Stumptown Mennonite Church in Bird...degree to which Mennonites should address...
Kraybill Mennonite merging
Newspaper article from: Intelligencer Journal Lancaster, PA; 12/1/2005; ; 700+ words ; A recent merger with Lancaster Mennonite School will take a small school in Mount Joy back to its roots. Kraybill Mennonite School, which teaches students in...once was an offshoot of Lancaster Mennonite, but it split off 30 years ago...
Mennonites avoid spotlight at event celebrating culture: No conservative members of the religious group are official participants in the Kutztown Folk Festival. Some attend to see their quilts but prize their privacy.
Newspaper article from: Reading Eagle (Reading, PA); 7/10/2006; 700+ words ; ...bringing some local Mennonite-run produce stands...said. No conservative Mennonites are an official part...festival offers a replica Mennonite church, reenactments...by local progressive Mennonites including Michael W...also lectures about Mennonite history. Rhode's...

Related entries from encyclopedias, dictionaries, and thesauruses

Mennonites
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Cultures Mennonites ETHNONYMS...Mennist" or "Mennonite" was first...concentrations of Mennonite populations...centuries, Mennonites often left...South German Mennonites. Even earlier...formation of large Mennonite settlements...
Mennonites and Amish
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to United States History ...x201C;Mennonite”...invitation, Mennonites from Krefeld...evangelical Mennonites in all groups...especially the Mennonite Brethren...strongest Mennonite population...and Kansas. Mennonites have exerted...
Earliest American Protest Against Slavery (February, 1688, Drawn up by Mennonite Germans)
Dictionary entry from: Dictionary of American History ...February, 1688, Drawn up by Mennonite Germans) William Penn's...Lutherans, and Dunkers were the Mennonites, a strongly cohesive group...human rights and liberty. The Mennonites gave expression to these beliefs...own flesh and blood. The Mennonites believed that all social relations...
Mennonite
Book article from: The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable Mennonite chiefly in the US and Canada, a member of a Protestant sect originating in Friesland in the 16th century, emphasizing adult baptism...
Siberian Germans
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Cultures ...Suabian; Saratovskii; Zhitomirskii; Volyner; and the language of the Mennonites, Plattdeutsch. The Mennonites occupy a special place among the Germans. When the Mennonites left the Netherlands in the sixteenth century and resettled in Prussia...

For students and teachers!

Encyclopedia.com provides students and teachers facts, information, and biographies from verified, citable sources, including:

Encyclopedia.com provides students and teachers facts, information, and biographies from verified, citable sources, including: