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Abd al-Majid

The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition

Abd al-Majid or Abdülmecit , 1823-61, Ottoman sultan (1839-61), son and successor of Mahmud II to the throne of the Ottoman Empire. The rebellion of Muhammad Ali was checked by the intervention (1840-41) of England, Russia, and Austria. Abd al-Majid was influenced by the British ambassador, Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe , who helped persuade the sultan to introduce Western reforms. Two decrees (1839, 1856) led to many changes but did not have permanent effect. Confident in British and French support, Abd al-Majid resisted (1853) the Russian claim to act as protector of the Orthodox Christians in the Ottoman Empire. This was a primary cause of the Crimean War . Turkey received no concrete gains at the Congress of Paris (1856; see Paris, Congress of ). The sultan was succeeded by his brother, Abd al-Aziz.


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Related entries from encyclopedias, dictionaries, and thesauruses

Abd al-Aziz
or Abdülaziz , 1830-76, Ottoman sultan (1861-76), brother and successor of Abd al-Majid. The economic and political reforms enacted under his rule could not outpace the decline of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey). In 1875...founded, and newspapers helped to educate the Turks politically. In 1876, Midhat Pasha , ... Read more
Murad V
1840-1904, Ottoman sultan (1876), son of Abd al-Majid. He came to the throne of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) when his uncle, Abd al-Aziz , was deposed, but he was soon declared insane and was succeeded by his brother, Abd al-Hamid II. His brief reign was dominated by Midhat Pasha . Read more
Abdül Mecid
see Abd al-Majid . Read more
Tanzimat
...Empire from 1839 to 1876. In 1839, under the rule of Sultan Abd al-Majid , the edict entitled Hatti-i Sharif of Gulhane laid out the...rules regarding military service. Tanzimat ended (1876) under Abd al-Hamid II 's reign, when the ideas for a Turkish constitution... Read more
Crimean War
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