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Abd al-Hamid I

Abd al-Hamid I or Abdülhamit , 1725-89, Ottoman sultan (1774-89), brother and successor of Mustafa III. His reign, one of decline for the Ottoman Empire (Turkey), saw the end of the war of 1768-74 and the beginning of the war of 1787-91 with Catherine II of Russia (see Russo-Turkish Wars ). The peace terms in 1774 (see Kuchuk Kainarji, Treaty of ) established Russia as the foremost power in the Middle East and had incalculable effects. In 1775, Austria, jealous of Russian expansion, forced the Turks to cede Bukovina. Abd al-Hamid was succeeded by his nephew, Selim III.

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