Volga Bulgars (013)

Volzhskaya Bolgariya The word Bolgar or Bulgar, on ancient turkic means "rebelled". Some tribes referred to this name which have appeared on the territory of modern Qazaqstan approximately in the fourth century A.D. Firstly these turkic-speaking tribes were under the protectorate of the Huns (Xiongnu) . But with time the ugrians and bulgars have left their ancient dwellings near the river Volga and Ural mountains & have taken the coasts of the Azov & Black Seas and Tavrida. In the end of 5th century they already occupied lands from borders of the Byzantium empire in a lower reaches of Dunay up to Volga and foothills of Caucasus. The danger for bulgars has come from the east. Turks moving from Altai mountains have conquered a lot of tribes, have found a powerful state-Khaganate and finally have conquered some bulgar tribes in the northern Caucasus. While doing so the conquerors have displaced the avars, all these circumstances gave a chance to khazars and to bolgar-annaguns to amplify on these territories, who lived on east of Azov Sea. In the 7th century the bulgarian lord Kubrat have found his own state, The Great Bolgariya, territory was spreaded from Kuban to Dnepr. In 665 Kubrat dies. His sons didn't listen to fathers wise advice & have separated from each other. The eldest one namely Vatvay stayed on coasts of Don, second son Kotrak have passed the Don and went to avars in Panonia, the 5th went to Italy, the 3rd one stayed between Dnepr and Dunay rivers, but in 679 by conquering all the Miziya he has found there a powerful state of Bolgars. But before them the lower reaches of Dunay were inhabitated by slavic tribes, they were majority. So the newcomers the turkic bolgars were assimilated by slavs leaving them just a name. Khazars at once used such a time to defeat the bolgars, making them to migrate to Dagestan, Krym and average reaches of Volga, the last ones who went to Volga found a state named Volzhskaya Bolgariya. "Through time they became civic trading people; they had ship-trade on rivers with northern Russia, and also had a connection through Caspian Sea with Persia and other wealthy asiatic countries". At the same time they were known as brave, warlike, horrifying and good armed people. The struggle with them was one of the main tasks of young Kiev State. In the beginning of 10th century, Volga bulgars have found their own state, in year 921 their khan have accepted Islam and protectorate of Baghdad Caliphate. As Svyatoslav was going to campaigns on Dunay bolgars, so Vladimir successfully was going to campaigns against Volga Bolgars. His own victory upon them he fastened with peace, bolgars promised to live with russians in peace, supporting their swear with simple words: "Unless then we shall break this contract when the stone begins to float, and hop to sink in the water." But anyway the russian princes Georgiy Suzdalskiy, Andrey & Vsevolod several times leaded their druzhinas on Volga and Kama against bolgars. Khan Batu have conquered the Volga bolgars & their lands became a part of a Golden Horde. Later son of Batu Khan - grandgrandson of Ghenghis Khan, Sayin institutes here a city for his baskaks, named as Kazan which was occupied by bolgars, cheremyhs, votyaks, mordva migrated here from Rostov region in times when russian lands accepted orthodoxy. This is the way the heirs of Volga bolgars and newcomers from the east, formed the fundament of Kazan Khanate...