精子``品質~~~影響~~~~胚胎品質

精子品質影響胚胎品質1 2 7 9 10 4 Developmental sperm contributions: fertilization and beyond Developmental sperm contributions: fertilization and beyond Gerardo Barroso, M.D., M.Sc.,a Carlos Valdespin, M.D.,a Eva Vega, M.Sc.,a Ruben Kershenovich, M.D.,a Rosaura Avila, B.Sc.,a Conrado Avenda~no, M.D.,b and Sergio Oehninger, M.D., Ph.D.b a Reproductive Medicine and Infertility Division, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico; and b Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia The objective of this review was to examine the role of the various spermatozoal components suspected of actively participating in early human development. The contributions of the fertilizing spermatozoon to the oocyte include, as a minimum, the delivery of the DNA/chromatin, a putative oocyte-activating factor (OAF), and a centriole. Recent data indicate that spermatozoa may also provide the zygote with a unique suite of paternal mRNAs; some transcripts might be crucial for early and late embryonic development and deficient delivery, or aberrant transcription might contribute to abnormal development and arrest. Clinical evidence from assisted reproduction suggests that failure to complete the fertilization process, syngamy, or early cleavage might be the result of an early paternal effect. It is speculated that an abnormal release of a putative OAF and/or dysfunctions of the centrosome and cytoskeletal apparatus may mediate these effects. On the other hand, a later paternal effect resulting in embryonic failure to achieve implantation, pregnancy loss, and/or developmental abnormalities resulting from carried over sublethal effects may be associated with sperm nuclear/chromatin defects, including the presence of aneuploidy, genetic anomalies, DNA damage, and possibly other causes. These findings highlight the need for continuous monitoring of clinical results. (Fertil Steril 2009;92:83548. 2009 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.) Key Words: Embryogenesis, fertilization, paternal contribution, spermatozoa This review highlighted the concept that the spermatozoon has a very dynamic and critical participation in normal embryogenesis that clearly extends beyond the fertilization process. Progress is slowly being made related to the unveiling of molecules involved in sperm-oocyte interaction and regulators of fertilization and postfertilization developmental steps. Furthermore, we presented unequivocal clinical evidence that defective spermatozoa that penetrate the oocyte may cause arrest of development at multiple levels during embryo preimplantational development. Additional data suggest that sublethal effects can be carried over after implantation, resulting in untoward embryonic/fetal defects. These findings highlight the need for continuous monitoring of ART results