How is light emitted from an atom, light is emitted when, how oscillating electrons create photons
Electron has a standing electric field and magnetic field in right angle regardless of any kind of its motions. In an atom, the electric fields of its electrons will be always directed to the nucleus. An atom has enormous number of space matter shells in it and each of they is having their own unique natural frequency. The electron configuration in a multi electron atom is determined by three factors. a) Attraction from the nucleus, b) repulsion between electrons, c) buoyant force by space matter.
An atom can be excited in a different ways. By incident photons, collisions of energetic particles with atoms, collisions between atoms, exothermic chemical reactions etc. When an atom is excited, its shells (electron shells and transitory shells) start to oscillate. When an electron shell oscillates, the electron(s) in it also oscillate in the natural frequency of that shell. When oscillates, an electron creates a transverse wave on its standing- magnetic line [i.e. an oscillating electron creates oscillating magnetic line (OML photon)] and the wave is radiated to space. The wave is created perpendicular to the oscillation of the electron. I.e. there is a 90* angle between oscillation of electron and emission of photon.The density of space matter is greater in the inner region of the atom and it decreases with the increasing of the distance from the nucleus. So, for every oscillation towards the direction of the nucleus, the high-density space matter in the inner region of the atom expels the electron to an outer low-density space matter region and so, an electron will jump from its electron shell to an outer region with the emission of a photon (see Line spectrum of hydrogen atom). Because of this jumping of the electron, the electron loses its excitation simultaneously. This is the reason for the photon nature of radiation by an atom.
Line spectrum of hydrogen atom: When the electron shell of a hydrogen atom is excited it will oscillate in its natural frequency, and so the electron present in the shell. This oscillation of the electron causes the emission of the shortest wavelength- Lyman series photon (because, that frequency is the natural frequency of the electron shell of hydrogen atom) and jumps from the shell to an outer transitory shell. If there is no any further excitation for the atom, the electron will instantaneously fall back to its original shell. Also, this fall into the shell can cause, the shell get excited in a nominal fashion and the emission of a low intensity photon in the natural frequency of the shell (additionally, this oscillation of the electron causes, it to jump to a nearer outer transitory shell. If an energetic electron from an external source simultaneously excites this transitory shell, the electron will emit a Lyman series photon in a longer wavelength). But, if the transitory shell (to which the electron has initially jumped) is simultaneously excited by some ways (for example, collision of an energetic electron from an external source --in a discharge tube-or collision between atoms), the electron will again get excited and emit a photon in a longer wavelength, in the natural frequency of that transitory shell. Also, this excitation of the electron causes a further jumping to a more outer transitory shell, and these processes can be continued until the electron is expelled out from the atom and to turn the atom into plasma of hydrogen at a very high temperature.
For every jumping of the electron to a more and more outer transitory shells, and the excitations of that transitory shells can cause the emission of more and more long wavelength photons, and this is the reason for the emission of more long wavelength photons like Balmer series, Paschen series, Brackett series, Pfund series etc
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