silicate

silicate chemical compound containing silicon, oxygen, and one or more metals, e.g., aluminum, barium, beryllium, calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, sodium, or zirconium. Silicates may be considered chemically as salts of the various silicic acids. For a long time classified as ortho-, meta-, di-, or trisilicates according to the acid from which they are (theoretically) derived, they are now also classified by an X-ray diffraction method according to their crystalline structure. Silicates are widely distributed in nature, making up most of the earth's outer crust. Most of the common rock-forming minerals (e.g., quartz , feldspar , mica , and pyroxene ) are silicates, as are asbestos , beryl , aquamarine , emerald , serpentine , and talc . Clay consists essentially of hydrous aluminum silicates mixed with other substances. Glass is a mixture of silicates, as is water glass . See sodium silicate .

sil·i·cate / ˈsiləˌkāt; -kit/ • n. Chem. a salt in which the anion contains both silicon and oxygen, esp. one of the anion SiO₄²⁻. ∎  any of the many minerals consisting primarily of SiO₄²⁻ combined with metal ions, forming a major component of the rocks of the earth's crust.

silicates The most important and abundant group of rock-forming minerals, which can be classified according to the structural arrangement of the fundamental SiO₄ tetrahedra which are the main building blocks of the group. (a) Nesosilicates have independent SiO₄ tetrahedra linked by cations, e.g. olivine group, (b) Sorosilicates have two SiO₄ tetrahedra sharing one oxygen, e.g. epidote group. (c) Cyclosilicates have rings of three, four, or six linked SiO₄ tetrahedra, e.g. axinite and tourmaline. (d) Inosilicates (chain silicates) have SiO₄ tetrahedra linked either into single chains by sharing two oxygens, e.g. pyroxene group, or into double chains (band silicates) by alternately sharing two or three oxygens, e.g. amphibole group, (e) Phyllosilicates (sheet silicates) share three oxygens to form a flat sheet, e.g. mica group. (f) Tectosilicates have SiO₄ tetrahedra linked into a three-dimensional framework by sharing all the oxygens, e.g. feldspar and quartz groups.