serenade

serenade [Ital. sera =evening], term used to designate several types of musical composition. Opera and song literature yield numerous examples of the serenade sung or played by a lover at night beneath his beloved's window; outstanding is Deh, vieni alla finestra from Mozart's Don Giovanni. In the late 18th cent. the serenade became a light instrumental suite, whose movements were numerous and short and usually included a march and a minuet. The lover's song is known in German as Ständchen, while the suite is usually designated Nachtmusik, an example being Mozart's Eine kleine Nachtmusik. The Italian serenata, while the equivalent of the French term sérénade, had an additional usage in the late 18th cent. in designating a short opera or dramatic cantata written to celebrate a special event in the household of the composer's patron.

serenade (Fr.). Evening music. Properly, open-air evening mus. (opposite of aubade) such as song by lover outside beloved's window (as by Don Giovanni in Mozart's opera), but a term extended to other meanings. The instr. serenade was developed towards the end of 18th cent. as type of work similar to cassation and divertimento, particularly by Mozart (e.g. his Eine kleine Nachtmusik). It was scored for small ens. and sometimes for wind instr. alone, and written in several movts. (midway between sym. and suite). Beethoven's serenades were chamber works. Other fine examples are those by Brahms, Dvořák, Tchaikovsky, Elgar, and Strauss. In Ger., Nachtmusik implies the instr. form and Ständchen the vocal.

serenade music performed at night in the open air, esp. by a lover. XVII. — F. sérénade — It. serenata, f. sereno SERENE, in sense infl. by sera evening; see -ADE.
Hence vb. XVII.