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mutualism
mutualism An interaction between two species in which both species benefit. (The term symbiosis is often used synonymously with mutualism.) A well-known example of mutualism is the association between termites and the specialized protozoans that inhabit their guts. The protozoans, unlike the termites, are able to digest the cellulose of the wood that the termites eat and release sugars that the termites absorb. The termites benefit by being able to use wood as a foodstuff, while the protozoans are supplied with food and a suitable environment. See also mycorrhiza.
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"mutualism." A Dictionary of Biology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "mutualism." A Dictionary of Biology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O6-mutualism.html "mutualism." A Dictionary of Biology. 2004. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O6-mutualism.html |
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mutualism
mu·tu·al·ism / ˈmyoōchoōəˌlizəm/ • n. the doctrine that mutual dependence is necessary to social well-being. ∎ Biol. symbiosis that is beneficial to both organisms involved. DERIVATIVES: mu·tu·al·ist n. & adj. mu·tu·al·is·tic / ˌmyoōchoōəˈlistik/ adj. mu·tu·al·is·ti·cal·ly / ˌmyoōchoōəˈlistik(ə)lē/ adv. |
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"mutualism." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "mutualism." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-mutualism.html "mutualism." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-mutualism.html |
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mutualism
mutualism An interaction between members of two species which benefits both. Strictly, the term may be confined to obligatory mutualism, in which neither species can survive under natural conditions without the other. Sometimes the term is used more generally to include facultative mutualism (protocooperation). See symbiosis.
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MICHAEL ALLABY. "mutualism." A Dictionary of Ecology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. MICHAEL ALLABY. "mutualism." A Dictionary of Ecology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O14-mutualism.html MICHAEL ALLABY. "mutualism." A Dictionary of Ecology. 2004. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O14-mutualism.html |
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mutualism
mutualism The interaction of species populations that benefits both populations. Strictly, the term may be confined to obligatory mutualism, in which neither species can survive under natural conditions without the other. Sometimes the term is used more generally to include facultative mutualism (protoco-operation).
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MICHAEL ALLABY. "mutualism." A Dictionary of Plant Sciences. 1998. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. MICHAEL ALLABY. "mutualism." A Dictionary of Plant Sciences. 1998. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O7-mutualism.html MICHAEL ALLABY. "mutualism." A Dictionary of Plant Sciences. 1998. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O7-mutualism.html |
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mutualism
mutualism An interaction between members of two species that benefits both. Strictly, the term may be confined to obligatory mutualism, in which neither species can survive under natural conditions without the other. Sometimes the term is used more generally to include protocooperation.
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MICHAEL ALLABY. "mutualism." A Dictionary of Zoology. 1999. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. MICHAEL ALLABY. "mutualism." A Dictionary of Zoology. 1999. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O8-mutualism.html MICHAEL ALLABY. "mutualism." A Dictionary of Zoology. 1999. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O8-mutualism.html |
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mutualism
mutualism Relationship with mutual benefits for the two or more organisms involved. An alternative term for symbiosis, it usually refers to two organisms of different species.
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"mutualism." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "mutualism." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-mutualism.html "mutualism." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-mutualism.html |
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mutualism
mutualism See ANARCHISM.
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GORDON MARSHALL. "mutualism." A Dictionary of Sociology. 1998. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. GORDON MARSHALL. "mutualism." A Dictionary of Sociology. 1998. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O88-mutualism.html GORDON MARSHALL. "mutualism." A Dictionary of Sociology. 1998. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O88-mutualism.html |
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