kingdom of the Two Sicilies

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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition

kingdom of the Two Sicilies

kingdom of the Two Sicilies The name Two Sicilies was used in the Middle Ages to mean the kingdoms of Sicily and of Naples (see Sicily and Naples, kingdom of ). Alfonso V of Aragón, who in 1442 reunited the two kingdoms under his rule, styled himself king of the Two Sicilies. Under his successors the kingdoms were again separate, but the title was revived during Spanish domination (1504-1713) of both kingdoms and after the accession (1759) of a cadet branch of the Spanish line of Bourbon to Naples and Sicily. Ferdinand IV of Naples (Ferdinand III of Sicily) officially merged the two kingdoms in 1816 and called himself Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies. Both the Sicilians, who thus lost their autonomy, and the pope, who saw his theoretical suzerainty over the two kingdoms ignored, protested the change. A popular uprising (1820) instigated by the Carbonari forced Ferdinand to concede a constitution, but Austrian intervention (1821) after the Congress of Laibach restored his absolute power. The reactionary regimes of his successors Francis I , Ferdinand II , and Francis II finally ended when Sicily and Naples fell to the forces of Garibaldi in 1860. In 1861, Gaeta, Francis's last fortress, surrendered to Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia, and the Two Sicilies became part of the kingdom of Italy.

Bibliography: See studies by H. M. M. Acton (1956 and 1962); B. Croce, History of the Kingdom of Naples (tr. 1970).

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Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names | 2005 | | Â© Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names 2005, originally published by Oxford University Press 2005. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Kingdom of the Two Sicilies A state in southern Italy and Sicily created in the 12th century as the Kingdom of Sicily and Apulia. Divided in 1282 between the French Angevin (mainland Italy) and Spanish Aragonese (Sicily) dynasties, the two areas were reunited as the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in 1443 under Alfonso V (1396–1458), King of Aragon (1416–58) and King of Naples (1442–58) as Alfonso I. It was, however, commonly known as the Kingdom of Naples until 1815 when the title Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was officially adopted. It ceased to exist in 1860 during the movement to unite Italy.

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JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Kingdom of the Two Sicilies." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. Oxford University Press. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 9 Jul. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Kingdom of the Two Sicilies." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. Oxford University Press. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (July 9, 2009). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-KingdomoftheTwoSicilies.html

JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Kingdom of the Two Sicilies." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. Oxford University Press. 2005. Retrieved July 09, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-KingdomoftheTwoSicilies.html

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