jongleurs

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jongleurs

jongleurs , itinerant entertainers of the Middle Ages in France and Norman England. Their repertoire included dancing, conjuring, acrobatics, the feats of the modern juggler, singing, and storytelling. Many were skilled in playing musical instruments. The jongleurs were often collaborators or assistants of troubadours or trouvères .

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"jongleurs." The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 19 Dec. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

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Jongleurs

The Concise Oxford Companion to the Theatre | 1996 | | Â© The Concise Oxford Companion to the Theatre 1996, originally published by Oxford University Press 1996. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Jongleurs, medieval itinerant entertainers, who flourished throughout Europe, often along the traditional pilgrim routes. The term embraced most kinds of performers—acrobats, jugglers, bear-leaders, ballad-singers—much of their patter and songs being provided by the trouvères, who usually performed only their own works. Although some jongleurs worked in family or friendly groups, most were independent; both men and women followed the profession.

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PHYLLIS HARTNOLL and PETER FOUND. "Jongleurs." The Concise Oxford Companion to the Theatre. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. 19 Dec. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

PHYLLIS HARTNOLL and PETER FOUND. "Jongleurs." The Concise Oxford Companion to the Theatre. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. (December 19, 2009). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O79-Jongleurs.html

PHYLLIS HARTNOLL and PETER FOUND. "Jongleurs." The Concise Oxford Companion to the Theatre. 1996. Retrieved December 19, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O79-Jongleurs.html

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jongleur

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology | 1996 | | Â© The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology 1996, originally published by Oxford University Press 1996. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

jongleur itinerant minstrel in medieval France. XVIII. — F., alt. of jougleur (OF. jogleor) (see JUGGLER).

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T. F. HOAD. "jongleur." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. 19 Dec. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

T. F. HOAD. "jongleur." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. (December 19, 2009). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-jongleur.html

T. F. HOAD. "jongleur." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Retrieved December 19, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-jongleur.html

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