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fermion

A Dictionary of Astronomy | 1997 | Copyright

fermion A type of elementary particle such as an electron, neutron, or proton having a + ½ or −½ value of spin. A maximum of two electrons can therefore occupy the ground state, provided they have opposite spins. Hence elements other than hydrogen and helium must have some of their electrons in higher levels than the ground state. Fermions obey the Pauli exclusion principle. They are named after the Italian–American physicist Enrico Fermi (1901–54). See also Boson.

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fermion

World Encyclopedia | 2005 | Copyright

fermion Subatomic particle that has a half-integer spin. Fermions are particles that obey the exclusion principle that no two electrons can have the same energy and spin. Nuclear structures tend to be made up of fermions; leptons and quarks are all fermions. See also boson

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fermion

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

fermion : see elementary particles ; exclusion principle ; Fermi-Dirac statistics .

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