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encyclical
encyclical originally, a pastoral letter sent out by a bishop, now a solemn papal letter, meant to inform the whole church on some particular matter of importance. Benedict XIV circulated the first known encyclical in 1740. Unlike those in the papal bull , doctrinal statements in an encyclical are not necessarily regarded as infallible; the faithful, however, are bound to give assent. Encyclicals became more numerous after the 18th cent. Leo XIII issued a whole series of encyclicals reorienting Roman Catholic life in the modern world; among these are Aeterni Patris, 1879, on Thomistic philosophy, and Rerum novarum, 1891, concerning the social order. Other noteworthy encyclicals include Pascendi, 1907, by Pius X, on modernism ; Quadragesimo anno [in the 40th year, i.e., since Rerum novarum ], 1931, by Pius XI, dealing further with social questions; and two by Pius XI not written in Latin— Non abbiamo bisogno, 1931, against Italian Fascism, and Mit brennender Sorge, 1937, against the National Socialist regime in Germany. Among the numerous encyclicals of Pius XII are Mystici corporis Christi, 1943, on the nature of the church, and Sacra virgintas, 1954, on evangelical chastity. The encyclical Mater et Magistra, 1961, by John XXIII, makes current the church's teachings on social matters. Paul VI's Humanae Vitae, 1968, which reaffirms the church's traditional prohibition of contraception, caused considerable controversy. John Paul II's many encyclicals include Laborem Exercens, 1981, on the value of human labor; Evangelium Vitae, 1995, which restated the church's teachings on abortion, birth control, and euthanasia and condemned capital punishment; and Fides et Ratio, 1998, which condemns both atheism and faith unsupported by reason and affirms a place for reason and philosophy in religion. All papal edicts are normally known by their first word or words.
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"encyclical." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 12 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "encyclical." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (February 12, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-encyclic.html "encyclical." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Retrieved February 12, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-encyclic.html |
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encyclical
encyclical A circular letter sent by a bishop to every church within his jurisdiction, and more particularly a letter by the Pope to Roman Catholic parishes worldwide. Unlike church dogma, encyclicals are not infallible pronouncements, but Catholics are expected to follow them, while the declaration of the papal view limits the freedom of theological discussion. The most important encyclicals include Pope Leo XIII's Rerum Novarum (1891) which formulated the social ideals of Catholicism in an industrializing world. The more conservative Pius X wrote against modernism (Pascendi Domini Gregis, 1907) and Protestantism (Borromaeus, 1910), while his successor, Pius XI, revised Catholic social teaching through the condemnation of excessive competition. He also wrote the German encyclical Mit brennender Sorge (1937), in which he (finally) distanced the Roman Catholic Church from the Nazi Party. Catholic social teaching was revised in Mater et Magistra (1961) by John XXIII, which accepted some beneficial aspects of socialism, e.g. its universal promotion of human dignity. Rather controversially especially among Roman Catholics in Western Europe and North America, Humanae Vitae (1968) by Paul VI condemned abortion and contraception. Of the encyclicals of John Paul II, Laborem Exercens (1981) appeals for mutual understanding in the workplace, and Mulieris Dignitatem (1988) affirms the equality of women with men in the Church despite the insistence on a male priesthood. Veritatis Splendor (1993) attempts a redefinition of Catholic moral teaching in a fast-changing world of opportunity and technology, and Fides et Ratio (1998) explores the relationship between faith and humen reason.
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JAN PALMOWSKI. "encyclical." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 12 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JAN PALMOWSKI. "encyclical." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (February 12, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O46-encyclical.html JAN PALMOWSKI. "encyclical." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Retrieved February 12, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O46-encyclical.html |
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Encyclical
Encyclical (Gk., en, ‘in’, + kyklos, ‘circle’). A pastoral letter intended for circulation among all the churches of an area. By Roman Catholics they are restricted to letters sent out by the pope.
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JOHN BOWKER. "Encyclical." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 12 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN BOWKER. "Encyclical." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. (February 12, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Encyclical.html JOHN BOWKER. "Encyclical." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Retrieved February 12, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Encyclical.html |
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encyclical
encyclical a papal letter sent to all bishops of the Roman Catholic Church. The word is recorded (as an adjective) from the mid 17th century, and comes via late Latin from Greek enkuklios ‘circular, general’.
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ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "encyclical." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 12 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "encyclical." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (February 12, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-encyclical.html ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "encyclical." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Retrieved February 12, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-encyclical.html |
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encyclical
encyclical. A circular letter sent to all the churches in a given area. In early times the word might be applied to letters sent out by any bishop, but in modern RC usage it is confined to those of the Pope.
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E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "encyclical." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 12 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "encyclical." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (February 12, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-encyclical.html E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "encyclical." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Retrieved February 12, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-encyclical.html |
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encyclical
encyclical Letter addressed by the Pope to all members of the Roman Catholic Church. Recent encyclicals have condemned contraception ( Paul VI, 1968) and ecumenism ( John Paul II, 1995).
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"encyclical." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 12 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "encyclical." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (February 12, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-encyclical.html "encyclical." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved February 12, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-encyclical.html |
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encyclical
encyclical intended for universal circulation. XVII (sb. XIX). f. late L. encyclicus, f. Gr. egkúklios circular, general, f. EN-2 + kúklos circle; see -ICAL.
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T. F. HOAD. "encyclical." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. 12 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. T. F. HOAD. "encyclical." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. (February 12, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-encyclical.html T. F. HOAD. "encyclical." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Retrieved February 12, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-encyclical.html |
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encyclical
en·cyc·li·cal / enˈsiklikəl/ • n. a papal letter sent to all bishops of the Roman Catholic Church. |
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"encyclical." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. 12 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "encyclical." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. (February 12, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-encyclical.html "encyclical." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Retrieved February 12, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-encyclical.html |
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encyclical
encyclical
•cackle, crackle, grackle, hackle, jackal, mackle, shackle, tackle
•ankle, rankle
•Gaskell, mascle, paschal
•tabernacle • ramshackle
•débâcle, diarchal, matriarchal, monarchal, patriarchal, sparkle
•rascal
•deckle, freckle, heckle, Jekyll, shekel, speckle
•faecal (US fecal), treacle
•chicle, fickle, mickle, nickel, pickle, prickle, sickle, strickle, tickle, trickle
•besprinkle, crinkle, sprinkle, tinkle, twinkle, winkle, wrinkle
•fiscal
•laical, Pharisaical
•vehicle • stoical • cubicle • radical
•medical, paramedical
•Druidical, juridical, veridical
•syndical
•methodical, periodical, rhapsodical, synodical
•Talmudical • graphical • pontifical
•magical, tragical
•strategical
•alogical, illogical, logical
•dramaturgical, liturgical, metallurgical, surgical
•anarchical, hierarchical, monarchical, oligarchical
•psychical
•angelical, evangelical, helical
•umbilical • biblical • encyclical
•diabolical, follicle, hyperbolical, symbolical
•dynamical, hydrodynamical
•academical, agrochemical, alchemical, biochemical, chemical, petrochemical, photochemical, polemical
•inimical • rhythmical • seismical
•agronomical, anatomical, astronomical, comical, economical, gastronomical, physiognomical
•botanical, Brahmanical, mechanical, puritanical, sanicle, tyrannical
•ecumenical
•geotechnical, pyrotechnical, technical
•clinical, cynical, dominical, finical, Jacobinical, pinnacle, rabbinical
•canonical, chronicle, conical, ironical
•tunicle • pumpernickel • vernicle
•apical • epical
•atypical, prototypical, stereotypical, typical
•misanthropical, semi-tropical, subtropical, topical, tropical
•theatrical
•chimerical, clerical, hemispherical, hysterical, numerical, spherical
•calendrical
•asymmetrical, diametrical, geometrical, metrical, symmetrical, trimetrical
•electrical • ventricle
•empirical, lyrical, miracle, panegyrical, satirical
•cylindrical
•ahistorical, allegorical, categorical, historical, metaphorical, oratorical, phantasmagorical, rhetorical
•auricle • rubrical • curricle
•classical, fascicle, neoclassical
•farcical • vesicle
•indexical, lexical
•commonsensical, nonsensical
•bicycle, icicle, tricycle
•paradoxical • Popsicle • versicle
•anagrammatical, apostatical, emblematical, enigmatical, fanatical, grammatical, mathematical, piratical, prelatical, problematical, sabbatical
•impractical, practical, syntactical, tactical
•canticle
•ecclesiastical, fantastical
•article, particle
•alphabetical, arithmetical, heretical, hypothetical, metathetical, metical, parenthetical, poetical, prophetical, reticle, synthetical, theoretical
•dialectical
•conventicle, identical
•sceptical (US skeptical) • testicle
•analytical, apolitical, critical, cryptanalytical, diacritical, eremitical, geopolitical, hypercritical, hypocritical, political, socio-political, subcritical
•deistical, egoistical, logistical, mystical, papistical
•optical, synoptical
•aeronautical, nautical, vortical
•cuticle, pharmaceutical, therapeutical
•vertical • ethical • mythical • clavicle
•periwinkle • lackadaisical
•metaphysical, physical, quizzical
•whimsical • musical
•Carmichael, cervical, cycle, Michael
•unicycle • monocycle • motorcycle
•cockle, grockle
•corncockle • snorkel
•bifocal, focal, local, univocal, varifocal, vocal, yokel
•archducal, coucal, ducal, pentateuchal
•buckle, chuckle, knuckle, muckle, ruckle, suckle, truckle
•peduncle, uncle
•parbuckle • carbuncle • turnbuckle
•pinochle • furuncle • honeysuckle
•demoniacal, maniacal, megalomaniacal, paradisiacal, zodiacal
•manacle • barnacle • cenacle
•binnacle • monocle • epochal
•reciprocal
•coracle, oracle
•spectacle
•pentacle, tentacle
•receptacle • obstacle • equivocal
•circle, encircle
•semicircle
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"encyclical." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 12 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "encyclical." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. (February 12, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-encyclical.html "encyclical." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Retrieved February 12, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-encyclical.html |
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