enamel

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enamel

The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition | 2008 | The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright 2008 Columbia University Press. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

enamel a siliceous substance fusible upon metal. It may be so compounded as to be transparent or opaque and with or without color, but it is usually employed to add decorative color. It was used to decorate jewelry in ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome. Specimens of enamel-work found in Belgium and England date from as early as the 3d or 2d cent. BC Perfected in the Byzantine world, enamel, often in the cloisonné technique, was used to adorn screens and tabernacles. In the 12th cent. the Spanish excelled in the champlevé technique. In France at that time brilliant coloristic effects were achieved in the Meuse valley. Concurrently, Limoges became a long-time center of superb enamelwork production. From Limoges in the 16th cent. emerged the most famous artist to work in enamel, Léonard Limousin . In England, from the 17th cent. on, enamel provided the surface for miniature portraits. It was also used for the florid decoration of vanity cases and snuffboxes. In the 19th cent. there was a decline in craftsmanship and a general loss of interest in the enamel medium. The mid-1960s produced an extensive craft revival and reborn interest in enamel techniques.

Bibliography: See T. and B. Hughes, English Painted Enamels (1967); S. Benjamin, Enamels (1983); G. L. Matthews, Enamels, Enameling, Enamelists (1984).

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enamel

A Dictionary of Nursing | 2008 | © A Dictionary of Nursing 2008, originally published by Oxford University Press 2008. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

enamel (i-nam-ĕl) n. the extremely hard outer covering of the crown of a tooth, which consists of crystalline hydroxyapatite.

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enamel

World Encyclopedia | 2005 | © World Encyclopedia 2005, originally published by Oxford University Press 2005. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

enamel Decorative or protective glazed coating produced on metal surfaces, or a type of paint. Ceramic enamels are made from powdered glass and calx, with metal oxides to add colour. Enamel paints consist of zinc oxide, lithopone, and high-grade varnish. The finish is hard, glossy, and highly durable.

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

Free Article English pictorial enamels: Battersea and Bilston enamels and their successors.
Magazine article from: The Magazine Antiques; 6/1/2007
Free Article The painted enamels of Geneva, Switzerland.
Magazine article from: The Magazine Antiques; 9/1/1997
Free Article Enamel encore; Artist Lilyan Bachrach publishes 2nd book at age 90.(PEOPLE)
Newspaper article from: Telegram & Gazette (Worcester, MA); 1/30/2007

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Enamel paints a glossy picture for spring: apparently, old is new again. With its vibrant colors and whimsical designs, the centuries-old style of enamel jewelry is making a bold statement this spring.(on topic:color)
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Enamel art gets moment in Maine spotlight ; The Richey Jewelry Gallery will showcase an art form that has been highly prized through the centuries.
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English pictorial enamels: Battersea and Bilston enamels and their successors.
Magazine article from: The Magazine Antiques; 6/1/2007; ; 700+ words ; ...Meissen, Battersea enamels reflect the form...apply a wet paste of enamel--a type of glass...The bases for the enamels were made of thin...processes. The white enamel was applied quickly...production of English enamels. There was, however...made at Battersea, enamel manufacturers ...
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