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chernozem

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

chernozem or black earth, variety of soil rich in organic matter in the form of humus . It is generally a modified type of loess . True chernozem is black in color, but there are various grades, shading off into gray and chestnut-brown soils. It forms in areas that have cold winters, hot summers, and rapid evaporation of precipitation; generally only tall grass is found native on chernozem. It has large quantities of nutrients, excellent structure, and good water-holding capacity, making it very suitable for agriculture. It is most widely distributed in Russia, where it forms a large part of the good agricultural soil, but soils similar to the Russian are also found in India and the central and N central United States.

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chernozem

A Dictionary of Ecology | 2004 | | Copyright

chernozem(black earth) A freely draining soil profile whose name is the Russian word for ‘black earth’. Chernozems are associated with grassland vegetation in temperate climates, and identified by the deep and even distribution of humus and of exchangeable cations (calcium and magnesium) through the profile (included in Mollisols of the USDA Soil Taxonomy). Because of their richness in plant nutrients and their excellent crumb structure, chernozems are among the most agriculturally productive soils in the world.

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MICHAEL ALLABY. "chernozem." A Dictionary of Ecology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

MICHAEL ALLABY. "chernozem." A Dictionary of Ecology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O14-chernozem.html

MICHAEL ALLABY. "chernozem." A Dictionary of Ecology. 2004. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O14-chernozem.html

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chernozem

A Dictionary of Plant Sciences | 1998 | | Copyright

chernozem (black earth) A freely draining soil profile whose name is the Russian word for ‘black earth’. Chernozems are associated with grassland vegetation in temperate climates, and identified by the deep and even distribution of humus and of exchangeable cations (calcium and magnesium) through the profile (now included in Mollisols). Because of their richness in plant nutrients and their excellent crumb structure, chernozems are among the most agriculturally productive soils in the world.

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MICHAEL ALLABY. "chernozem." A Dictionary of Plant Sciences. 1998. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

MICHAEL ALLABY. "chernozem." A Dictionary of Plant Sciences. 1998. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O7-chernozem.html

MICHAEL ALLABY. "chernozem." A Dictionary of Plant Sciences. 1998. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O7-chernozem.html

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chernozem

A Dictionary of Earth Sciences | 1999 | | Copyright

chernozem (black earth) Freely draining, dark coloured soil profile whose name is the Russian word for ‘black earth’. Chernozems are associated with grassland vegetation in temperate climates, and identified by the deep and even distribution of humus and of exchangeable cations (calcium and magnesium) through the profile (now included in Mollisols).

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AILSA ALLABY and MICHAEL ALLABY. "chernozem." A Dictionary of Earth Sciences. 1999. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

AILSA ALLABY and MICHAEL ALLABY. "chernozem." A Dictionary of Earth Sciences. 1999. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O13-chernozem.html

AILSA ALLABY and MICHAEL ALLABY. "chernozem." A Dictionary of Earth Sciences. 1999. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O13-chernozem.html

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