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caliph

World Encyclopedia | 2005 | Copyright

caliph Leader of the Muslim community. After the death of Muhammad, Abu Bakr was chosen to be his caliph (successor). The role was originally elective but later became hereditary. The title remained with the Ottoman sultans (1517–1924), after which it was abolished. Sunni Muslims recognize the first four caliphs: Abu Bakr, Omar, Othman and Ali. Shiites accept authority as passing directly from Muhammad to Ali.

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caliph

The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English | 2009 | Copyright

ca·liph / ˈkālif; ˈkal-/ • n. hist. the chief Muslim civil and religious ruler, regarded as the successor of Muhammad. DERIVATIVES: cal·iph·ate / ˈkāləˌfāt; ˈkal-; -fit/ n.

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"caliph." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"caliph." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-caliph.html

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caliph

The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable | 2006 | | Copyright

caliph the chief Muslim civil and religious ruler, regarded as the successor of Muhammad. The caliph ruled in Baghdad until 1258 and then in Egypt until the Ottoman conquest of 1517; the title was then held by the Ottoman sultans until it was abolished in 1924.

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ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "caliph." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "caliph." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-caliph.html

ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "caliph." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-caliph.html

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caliph

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology | 1996 | | Copyright

caliph Muslim chief ruler (successor of Muhammad). XIV. — (O)F. caliphe (medL. calīpha, -es) — Arab. ḵalīfa, f. ḵalofa succeed.
So caliphate XVIII. — F. caliphat (medL. caliphātus); see -ATE 1.

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T. F. HOAD. "caliph." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

T. F. HOAD. "caliph." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-caliph.html

T. F. HOAD. "caliph." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-caliph.html

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Caliph

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions | 1997 | | Copyright

Caliph (successor, representative): see KHALĪFA.

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JOHN BOWKER. "Caliph." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN BOWKER. "Caliph." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Caliph.html

JOHN BOWKER. "Caliph." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Caliph.html

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caliph

Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes | 2007 | Copyright

caliph •biff, cliff, glyph, if, kif, miff, niff, quiff, riff, skew-whiff, skiff, sniff, spliff, stiff, tiff, whiff •mischief • handkerchief •neckerchief • kerchief • Cardiff •Radcliffe •bailiff, calif, caliph •Wyclif • Northcliffe • anaglyph •hieroglyph • tariff •serif, sheriff •midriff • hippogriff • mastiff • caitiff •plaintiff • pontiff • Joseph

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

	Laqab for a future caliph: the case of the Abbasid al-Mahdi. Magazine article from: The Journal of the American Oriental Society; 4/1/1993
	The Caliph's House: A Year in Casablanca.(Book review) Magazine article from: Geographical; 3/1/2006
	Cities and Caliphs: On the Genesis of Arab Muslim Urbanism. Magazine article from: The Journal of the American Oriental Society; 1/1/1993