caliph

caliph

caliph Leader of the Muslim community. After the death of Muhammad, Abu Bakr was chosen to be his caliph (successor). The role was originally elective but later became hereditary. The title remained with the Ottoman sultans (1517–1924), after which it was abolished. Sunni Muslims recognize the first four caliphs: Abu Bakr, Omar, Othman and Ali. Shiites accept authority as passing directly from Muhammad to Ali.

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"caliph." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"caliph." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-caliph.html

"caliph." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-caliph.html

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caliph

ca·liph / ˈkālif; ˈkal-/ • n. hist. the chief Muslim civil and religious ruler, regarded as the successor of Muhammad. DERIVATIVES: cal·iph·ate / ˈkāləˌfāt; ˈkal-; -fit/ n.

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"caliph." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"caliph." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-caliph.html

"caliph." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-caliph.html

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caliph

caliph the chief Muslim civil and religious ruler, regarded as the successor of Muhammad. The caliph ruled in Baghdad until 1258 and then in Egypt until the Ottoman conquest of 1517; the title was then held by the Ottoman sultans until it was abolished in 1924.

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ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "caliph." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "caliph." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-caliph.html

ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "caliph." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-caliph.html

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caliph

caliph Muslim chief ruler (successor of Muhammad). XIV. — (O)F. caliphe (medL. calīpha, -es) — Arab. ḵalīfa, f. ḵalofa succeed.
So caliphate XVIII. — F. caliphat (medL. caliphātus); see -ATE 1.

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T. F. HOAD. "caliph." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

T. F. HOAD. "caliph." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-caliph.html

T. F. HOAD. "caliph." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-caliph.html

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Caliph

Caliph (successor, representative): see KHALĪFA.

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JOHN BOWKER. "Caliph." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN BOWKER. "Caliph." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Caliph.html

JOHN BOWKER. "Caliph." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Caliph.html

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caliph

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"caliph." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"caliph." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-caliph.html

"caliph." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-caliph.html

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

Laqab for a future caliph: the case of the Abbasid al-Mahdi.
Magazine article from: The Journal of the American Oriental Society; 4/1/1993
Ahmadiyya Muslim Community elects Mirza Masroor Ahmad as their Fifth Caliph.
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Magazine article from: Geographical; 3/1/2006

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