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burning
burning. Burning alive was a penalty for certain criminal offences in late Roman and early Germanic law and was subsequently adopted in most W. European penal codes. The burning of convicted heretics was a medieval development. In 1022 Robert II of France burned some ten convicted heretics at Orléans, and burning subsequently became the normal penalty for heresy throughout the W. Initially such executions were carried out against the wishes of the Church authorities, but in 1184 Pope Lucius III decreed that unrepentant heretics should be handed over to the secular authorities for punishment and this practice was followed by the Inquisition from its inception. By 1298 all rulers punished heresy by burning. In England the Crown claimed the right to issue a writ to order the burning of condemned heretics. The act De Haeretico Comburendo (1401) gave statutory force to the burning of heretics; it was repealed in 1533, restored by Mary, and again repealed in 1558. Elizabeth I and James I ordered heretics to be burnt for Arianism and Anabaptism. The last such burning took place in 1610. In the rest of Europe burning for heresy declined in the 17th cent. and even in Spain and its dependencies became rare. Burning was the penalty for witchcraft in Catholic and some Protestant countries, including Scotland; the last burning for witchcraft in the British Isles took place at Dornoch in 1727. In parts of Europe witches were burned until at least the 1750s.
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E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "burning." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 28 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "burning." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 28, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-burning.html E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "burning." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Retrieved May 28, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-burning.html |
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burning
burning burning bush in Exodus 3:2, a bush which ‘burned with fire, and…was not consumed’, seen by Moses on Mount Horeb, and constituting a sign from God that he was to lead the Israelites out of Egypt.
burning fiery furnace in Daniel ch. 3, the fire into which the three Hebrew exiles in Babylon, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, were cast by King Nebuchadnezzar because they refused to worship pagan images, and in which they were preserved unharmed. |
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Cite this article
ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "burning." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 28 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "burning." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (May 28, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-burning.html ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "burning." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Retrieved May 28, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-burning.html |
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burning
burn·ing / ˈbərning/ • adj. on fire: a burning building. ∎ very hot or bright: burning desert sands. ∎ fig. very keenly or deeply felt; intense: he had a burning ambition to climb to the upper reaches of management. ∎ fig. of urgent interest and importance; exciting or calling for debate: democracy remains a burning issue. DERIVATIVES: burn·ing·ly adv. |
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Cite this article
"burning." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. 28 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "burning." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. (May 28, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-burning.html "burning." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Retrieved May 28, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-burning.html |
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