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bitumen
bitumen. Type of mineral pitch used for mortar, and waterproofing, similar to as-phalt(e), called bitumen judaicum.
2. Natural pitchy substance similar to tar consisting mostly of hydrocarbons varying in colour and hardness, which melts when heated and sets hard. When it is mixed (either naturally occurring or artificially) with limestone, shale, etc., it is called rock asphalt and has been used for road-surfacing from the late C18. Bibliography W. McKay (1957) |
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JAMES STEVENS CURL. "bitumen." A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JAMES STEVENS CURL. "bitumen." A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O1-bitumen.html JAMES STEVENS CURL. "bitumen." A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture. 2000. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O1-bitumen.html |
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bitumen
bitumen (or asphaltum). A resinous substance soluble in oils that can be used to produce a brown paint. At the time of use this gives a rich glowing quality, but it later becomes almost black and increasingly opaque. It never completely hardens and eventually develops a pronounced and often disfiguring craquelure. It was most popular in the 18th century, and its damaging effects can be seen in works by Reynolds and other British painters of the period.
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IAN CHILVERS. "bitumen." The Oxford Dictionary of Art. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. IAN CHILVERS. "bitumen." The Oxford Dictionary of Art. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O2-bitumen.html IAN CHILVERS. "bitumen." The Oxford Dictionary of Art. 2004. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O2-bitumen.html |
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bitumen
bitumen (asphaltum). A resinous substance soluble in oils that can be used to produce a brown paint. At the time of use this gives a rich glowing quality, but it later becomes almost black and increasingly opaque. It never completely hardens and eventually develops a pronounced and often disfiguring craquelure. It was most popular in the 18th century, and its damaging effects can be seen in works by Reynolds and other British painters of the period.
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Cite this article
IAN CHILVERS. "bitumen." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. IAN CHILVERS. "bitumen." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O3-bitumen.html IAN CHILVERS. "bitumen." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists. 2003. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O3-bitumen.html |
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bitumen
bitumen a generic term referring to flammable, brown or black mixtures of tarlike hydrocarbons, derived naturally or by distillation from petroleum. It can be in the form of a viscous oil to a brittle solid, including asphalt, tars, and natural mineral waxes. Substances containing bitumens are called bituminous, e.g., bituminous coal, tar, or pitch. |
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"bitumen." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "bitumen." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-bitumen.html "bitumen." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-bitumen.html |
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bitumen
bitumen (asphalt) Material used for roadmaking and for proofing timber against rot. It consists of a mixture of hydrocarbons and other organic chemical compounds. Some bitumen occurs naturally in pitch lakes, notably in Trinidad. The material is also made by distilling tar from coal or wood.
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"bitumen." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "bitumen." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-bitumen.html "bitumen." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-bitumen.html |
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bitumen
bi·tu·men / biˈt(y)oōmən; bī-/ • n. a black viscous mixture of hydrocarbons obtained naturally or as a residue from petroleum distillation. It is used for road surfacing and roofing. DERIVATIVES: bi·tu·mi·nous adj. |
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"bitumen." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "bitumen." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-bitumen.html "bitumen." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-bitumen.html |
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Bitumen
BitumenBitumen was greatly used in magical practices. Images for the purpose of sympathetic magic were often made of this sub-stance, and it was also used in ceremonies for the cleansing of houses in which any uncleanness had appeared—being spread on the floor like clay. |
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"Bitumen." Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Bitumen." Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3403800685.html "Bitumen." Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology. 2001. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3403800685.html |
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bitumen
bitumen Naturally occurring, inflammable, solid or semi-solid hydrocarbons, black or dark brown in colour, with characteristic pitch odour, and burning with a smoky flame. Group name for asphalts, mineral waxes, and related substances.
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AILSA ALLABY and MICHAEL ALLABY. "bitumen." A Dictionary of Earth Sciences. 1999. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. AILSA ALLABY and MICHAEL ALLABY. "bitumen." A Dictionary of Earth Sciences. 1999. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O13-bitumen.html AILSA ALLABY and MICHAEL ALLABY. "bitumen." A Dictionary of Earth Sciences. 1999. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O13-bitumen.html |
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bitumen
bitumen XV. — L.
So bituminous XVII. — F. bitumineux — L. bitūminōsus. |
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T. F. HOAD. "bitumen." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. T. F. HOAD. "bitumen." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-bitumen.html T. F. HOAD. "bitumen." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-bitumen.html |
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bitumen
bitumen
•examine, famine, gamin
•admin • jasmine • Yasmin • Brahmin
•women • specimen • madwomen
•clanswomen • charwomen
•craftswomen • draughtswomen
•gentlewomen • Welshwomen
•Frenchwomen
•airwomen, chairwomen
•laywomen • stateswomen
•saleswomen • policewomen
•kinswomen • Englishwomen
•businesswomen • Irishwomen
•congresswomen • countrywomen
•jurywomen • servicewomen
•tribeswomen
•Scotswomen, yachtswomen
•forewomen • horsewomen
•sportswomen • oarswomen
•councilwomen • townswomen
•noblewomen • spokeswomen
•frontierswomen • alderwomen
•anchorwomen • washerwomen
•Ulsterwomen • churchwomen
•catechumen, illumine, lumen
•bitumen
•albumen, albumin
•Duralumin • cumin • Benjamin
•theremin • vitamin
•determine, ermine, vermin
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"bitumen." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "bitumen." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-bitumen.html "bitumen." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-bitumen.html |
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