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Yoshkar‐Ola
Yoshkar‐Ola, Mari El Republic/Russia Tsarëvokokshaysk, Krasnokokshaysk Located on the River Kokshaga, the town was originally named for tsardom, the ‘Tsar's Town on the (River) Kokshaga’ in 1584–1919. Between 1919 and 1927 it was renamed for communism, the ‘Red Town on the (River) Kokshaga’ from krasno. Its present name, adopted in 1927, means much the same, ‘Red Town’ from the Mari yoshkar ‘red’ and ola ‘town’.
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JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Yoshkar‐Ola." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Yoshkar‐Ola." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-YoshkarOla.html JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Yoshkar‐Ola." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-YoshkarOla.html |
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Yoshkar-Ola
Yoshkar-Ola or Ioshkar-Ola , city (1989 pop. 242,000), capital of Mari El, E central European Russia. Manufactures include pharmaceuticals and agricultural machinery. The city was founded in 1578 as a Russian outpost. |
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"Yoshkar-Ola." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Yoshkar-Ola." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-YoshkarO.html "Yoshkar-Ola." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-YoshkarO.html |
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