William Richard Tolbert Jr

William Richard Tolbert, Jr. , 1913-80, president of Liberia (1971-80). In government since 1935, he was vice president (1951-71), succeeding to the Presidency upon Tubman's death in 1971. Instituting reforms to close the disparity between Americo-Liberians and indigens, he raised expectations while the economy failed, stimulating opposition, a national strike, and a military coup (1980) in which he was killed.

Wallack, James William, Jr. (1818–73), actor. Despite his name, he was the son of Henry Wallack and was born in London shortly before his parents immigrated to America. In 1822 he made his debut as the child in Pizarro at Philadelphia's Chestnut Street Theatre. His first New York appearance seems to have come ten years later at the Bowery Theatre as a peasant in Hofer, the “Tell” of the Tyrol. For a time he acted in his uncle's company at the National. Although he inherited the Wallacks' good looks, rugged build, and fine, deep voice, he was generally judged as little more than adequate in comedy. Tragedy was his strong point, and he was admired for his Iago, Othello, Macbeth, and Richard III. Besides such classic roles he won applause as Fagin and, shortly before his retirement in 1872, as Mathias in The Bells. More than any other member of his family he spent most of his career away from New York, spreading the Wallack name to all the major American theatrical centers. He toured as far west as California, for a time in association with E. L. Davenport. Ireland remarked on his “elegance of mien, picturesqueness of attitude, and spirited declamation.”

Haynsworth, Clement Furman, Jr (b. Greenville, S.C., 30 Oct. 1912; d. Greenville, 22 November 1989), federal appellate judge and rejected nominee for the Supreme Court. Following some twenty years of private law practice in South Carolina, Haynsworth was appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit by President Dwight Eisenhower in 1957. He became chief judge in 1964. On 18 August 1969, President Richard Nixon nominated Haynsworth for the vacancy created when Abe Fortas resigned from the Supreme Court. After eight days of hearings and a 10‐to‐7 vote in favor of Haynsworth in the Senate Judiciary Committee, the full Senate rejected the nomination by a vote of 55 to 45 on 21 November 1969. Haynsworth returned to the court of appeals and continued to serve there as a senior judge after 1981 until his death in 1989.

In the confirmation debate, Haynsworth was charged with voting in two cases involving subsidiaries of companies in which he owned stock and with buying a company's stock between the decision and announcement of the decision in a case involving that company. Senators who had emphasized Fortas's ethical improprieties felt obligated to take these charges seriously. For many senators, however, the ethics charges masked opposition on ideological grounds. The NAACP and AFL‐CIO opposed Haynsworth as insufficiently supportive of civil rights and labor litigants. Furthermore, the nomination debate occurred in the context of liberal‐conservative tension over Representative Gerald Ford's proposal to impeach Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas and the Nixon administration's efforts to slow southern school desegregation.

See also Nominations, Controversial; Nominees, Rejection of.

Susan M. Olson