Astronomy: General

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Venera

A Dictionary of Astronomy | 1997 | Copyright

Venera A series of space probes to the planet Venus, launched by the former Soviet Union. Veneras 4–6 ejected capsules which sent back information on the atmosphere of Venus before being crushed by the intense pressure. Venera 7 made the first successful landing on Venus; the Venera 9 lander took the first pictures of the planet's surface, while its orbiter section was the first craft to orbit Venus. Venera 13 made the first analysis of the planet's soil.

successful venera probes^a

Probe	Launch date	Results
^a Veneras 1–3 were failures
Venera 4	1967June12	Ejected capsule into atmosphere of Venus October18
Venera 5	1969January5	Ejected capsule into atmosphere of Venus May16
Venera 6	1969January10	Ejected capsule into atmosphere of Venus May17
Venera 7	1970August17	Ejected capsule which landed on Venus December15
Venera 8	1972March27	Ejected capsule which landed on Venus July22
Venera 9	1975June8	Combined orbiter and lander, arrived at Venus October22
Venera 10	1975June14	Combined orbiter and lander, arrived at Venus October25
Venera 11	1978September9	Ejected lander which reached surface of Venus December25
Venera 12	1978September14	Ejected lander which reached surface of Venus December21
Venera 13	1981October30	Ejected lander which reached surface of Venus 1982March1
Venera 14	1981November4	Ejected lander which reached surface of Venus 1982March5
Venera 15	1983June2	Went into orbit around Venus October10, mapped surface by radar
Venera 16	1983June7	Went into orbit around Venus October14, mapped surface by radar

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Venera

A Dictionary of Earth Sciences | 1999 | | Copyright

Venera A series of Soviet missions to Venus that ran from 1967 to 1983.

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AILSA ALLABY and MICHAEL ALLABY. "Venera." A Dictionary of Earth Sciences. 1999. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

AILSA ALLABY and MICHAEL ALLABY. "Venera." A Dictionary of Earth Sciences. 1999. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O13-Venera.html

AILSA ALLABY and MICHAEL ALLABY. "Venera." A Dictionary of Earth Sciences. 1999. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O13-Venera.html

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