Valenciennes

Valenciennes

Valenciennes , city (1990 pop. 39,276), Nord dept., N France, on the Escaut (Scheldt) River. An old-line industry center in a former coal-mining region, its manufactures include railroad rolling stock, motor vehicles, paint, pharmaceuticals, electronics, and precision metalwork. An important place in medieval Hainaut , it became famous (15th cent.) for its lace industry. There is a museum there with works by Rubens and Van Dyck.

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"Valenciennes." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

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Valenciennes

Valenciennes, Nord‐Pas‐de‐Calais/France Believed to be named after Valentinian I (321–75), Roman emperor (364–75); based in Paris and Amiens, he directed operations against the Alemanni invading Gaul. It has also been suggested, however, that the name comes from val des cygnes ‘valley of the swans’ because swans appear on the city's coat‐of‐arms.

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JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Valenciennes." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Valenciennes." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Valenciennes.html

JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Valenciennes." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Valenciennes.html

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Valenciennes

Valenciennes kind of lace named from Valenciennes, a town of northern France celebrated for lace-manufacture. XVIII.

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T. F. HOAD. "Valenciennes." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

T. F. HOAD. "Valenciennes." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-Valenciennes.html

T. F. HOAD. "Valenciennes." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-Valenciennes.html

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

Scarlet and black.(architectural design of a theater in Valenciennes, France)
Magazine article from: The Architectural Review; 11/1/1998
COMMISSION CLEARS FRENCH STATE AID FOR TOYOTA'S VALENCIENNES PLANT.
Newspaper article from: European Report; 12/19/1998
Toyota to enlarge Valenciennes plant.(Toyota Valenciennes plant)(Brief Article)
Magazine article from: Automotive News Europe; 9/19/2005

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