Pound, Ezra (1885–1972). American writer, active in Europe for most of his career. He is principally famous as a poet, but he also wrote criticism and was an aggressive and controversial promoter of modern ideas in the visual arts as well as in literature. Pound was born in Hailey, Idaho, and studied Romance languages at the University of Pennsylvania and Hamilton College, Ithaca, New York. After teaching briefly at Wabash Presbyterian College, he settled in Europe in 1908, living mainly in London until 1920. His British friends included Wyndham
Lewis, and it was Pound who coined the name
Vorticism for the movement that Lewis launched in 1914. Pound contributed to the Vorticist magazine
Blast, and wrote elsewhere about the work of several of the artists connected with the movement (for example, he contributed the ‘Prefatory Note’ to
Gaudier-Brzeska's memorial exhibition at the
Leicester Galleries in 1918). He also persuaded the American collector John
Quinn to buy Vorticist works. From 1920 to 1924 Pound lived in Paris, where he was involved in the
Dada movement, than settled at Rapallo in Italy until 1945. He became a supporter of Fascism and he developed bizarre economic theories that led him into anti-Semitic ideas about an international conspiracy of Jewish bankers. During the Second World War he made many broadcasts on Rome Radio attacking the US Government and the American war effort. He was arrested in 1945 and returned to America to face charges for treason, but he was pronounced ‘insane and mentally unfit for trial’ and was committed to a hospital for the criminally insane in Washington. There he regularly received visitors and kept up a voluminous output of writing. In 1958 he was released and allowed to return to Italy, where he spent the rest of his life. The events of his later years clouded his reputation, but he is regarded as holding a central position in modern literature; T. S. Eliot said that he was ‘more responsible for the 20th century revolution in poetry than any other individual’ and in the introduction to the
Oxford Companion to Twentieth-Century Poetry in English (1994) Ian Hamilton comments that within its pages ‘Ezra Pound is most often mentioned as an influence on other poets'. An exhibition entitled ‘Pound's Artists: Ezra Pound and the Visual Arts in London, Paris and Italy’ was held at the Tate Gallery, London, in 1985.