THE PHILADELPHIA STORY

USA, 1940

Director: George Cukor

Production: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures Corp.; black and white, 35mm; running time: 112 minutes. Released December 1940. Filmed 1940 MGM studios.

Producer: Joseph Mankiewicz; screenplay: Donald Ogden Stewart and Waldo Salt (uncredited), from the play by Philip Barry; photography: Joseph Ruttenberg; editor: Frank Sullivan; sound: Douglas Shearer; set decorator: Edwin Willis; art directors: Cedric Gibbons and Wade B. Rubottom; music: Franz Waxman; costume designer: Adrian.

Cast: Katharine Hepburn (Tracy Lord); Cary Grant (C. K. Dexter Haven); James Stewart (Macauley Connor); Ruth Hussey (Liz Imbrie); John Howard (George Kittredge); Roland Young (Uncle Willie); John Halliday (Seth Lord); Virginia Weidler (Dinah Lord); Mary Nash (Margaret Lord); Henry Daniell (Sidney Kidd); Lionel Pape (Edward); Rex Evans (Thomas); Russ Clark (John); Hilda Plowright (Librarian); Lita Chevret (Manicurist); Lee Phelps (Bartender); Dorothy Fay, Florine McKinney, Helene Whitney, and Hillary Brooks (Mainliners); Claude King (Uncle Willie's butler); Robert de Bruce (Dr. Parsons); Veda Buckland (Elsie).

Awards: Oscars for Best Actor (Stewart) and Best Screenplay, 1940; New York Film Critics Award, Best Actress (Hepburn), 1940.

Publications

Books:

Langlois, Henri, and others, Hommage à George Cukor, Paris, 1963.

Domarchi, Jean, George Cukor, Paris, 1965.

Cary, Grant, Cukor and Company: The Films of George Cukor and His Collaborators, New York, 1971.

Dickens, Homer, The Films of Katharine Hepburn, New York, 1971.

Lambert, Gavin, On Cukor, New York, 1972.

Marill, Alvin H., Katharine Hepburn, New York, 1973.

Clarens, Carlos, George Cukor, London, 1976.

Deschner, Donald, The Films of Cary Grant, Secaucus, New Jersey, 1978.

Pomerance, Diane Linda, The Cinematic Style of George Cukor in the Comedy of Manners Films "Holiday" and "The Philadelphia Story": A Comparative Study, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1980.

Cavell, Stanley, Pursuits of Happiness: The Hollywood Comedy of Remarriage, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1981.

Phillips, Gene D., George Cukor, Boston, 1982.

Britton, Andrew, Cary Grant: Comedy and Male Desire, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1983.

Carey, Gary, Katharine Hepburn: A Biography, London, 1983.

Schickel, Richard, Cary Grant: A Celebration, London, 1983.

Britton, Andrew, Katharine Hepburn: The Thirties and After, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1984.

Eyles, Allen, James Stewart, London, 1984.

Morley, Sheridan, Katharine Hepburn: A Celebration, London, 1984.

Bernadoni, James, George Cukor: A Critical Study and Filmography, Jefferson, North Carolina, 1985.

Hunter, Allan, James Stewart, New York, 1985.

Higham, Charles, and Ray Moseley, Cary Grant: The Lonely Heart, New York, 1989.

McGilligan, Patrick, George Cukor: A Double Life: A Biography of the Gentleman Director, New York, 1992.

Levy, Emanuel, George Cukor: Master of Elegance: Hollywood's Legendary Director and His Stars, New York, 1994.

Ryan, Joal, Katherine Hepburn: A Stylish Life, New York, 1999.

Schickel, Richard, Cary Grant, New York, 1999.

Articles:

Variety (New York), 27 November 1940.

Ferguson, Otis, in New Republic (New York), 13 December 1940.

New York Times, 27 December 1940.

The Times (London), 3 March 1941.

Tozzi, Romano V., "Katharine Hepburn," in Films in Review (New York), December 1957.

Tozzi, Romano V., "George Cukor: His Success Directing Women Has Obscured His Other Directional Virtues," in Films in Review (New York), February 1958.

Reid, John, "So He Became a Lady's Man," in Films and Filming (London), August 1960.

Cutts, John, in Films and Filming (London), July 1962.

Bureau, Patrick, "Un Etincelant Cukor," in Lettres Françaises (Paris), 1 November 1962.

Fieschi, Jean-André, "Ou finit le théâtre?," in Cahiers du Cinéma (Paris), February 1963.

Philippe, Claude Jean, "Analyse d'un grand film: Philadelphia Story," in Télérama (Paris), 8 December 1963.

"Rétrospective Cukor," in Cahiers du Cinéma (Paris), February 1964.

Sweigart, William, "James Stewart," in Films in Review (New York), December 1964.

Nightingale, B., "After Making Nine Films Together, Hepburn Can Practically Direct Cukor," in New York Times, 28 January 1979.

Phillips, Gene D., "Cukor and Hepburn," in American Classic Screen (Shawnee Mission, Kansas), Fall 1979.

Bodeen, DeWitt, "George Cukor," in Films in Review (New York), November 1981.

Le Pavec, J.-P., in Cinéma (Paris), March 1982.

Tobin, Yann, in Positif (Paris), May 1985.

Journal of Popular Film and Television (Washington, D.C.), Fall 1985.

Reid's Film Index (Wyong), no. 4, 1990.

Shumway, D. R., "Screwball Comedies: Constructing Romance, Mystifying Marriage," in Cinema Journal (Austin, Texas), no. 4, 1991.

Rosterman, R., in Hollywood: Then and Now (Studio City), vol. 24, no. 6, 1991.

Viviani, Christian, "Katharine Hepburn et George Cukor," in Positif (Paris), no. 425–426, July-August 1996.

The Philadelphia Story is one of the most successful and best loved screwball comedies of the classical Hollywood era. It is based on the 1939 Broadway production of Philip Barry's play which starred Katharine Hepburn. The film employs the 1930s screwball plot device of the idle rich whose wealth has blinded them to the simple joys of life and the worthiness of middle-class values. Tracy Lord is the arrogant Philadelphia socialite who is planning her wedding to a stuffy social climber when her ex-husband, C. K. Dexter Haven, arrives at the mansion. Haven is a charming millionaire who openly displays his love of life and his disdain of pretentiousness while he secretly longs for the reunion with his ex-wife. Jimmy Stewart and Ruth Hussey are the reporters from the scandal sheet Spy Magazine who have been assigned to cover the wedding. Anti-romance, verbal and witty relationships, and the tendency to poke fun at the rich are all in abundance providing humorous distractions and obstacles to Tracy's and Dexter's final reconciliation.

Director George Cukor here shows his preference for understatement in romantic comedies through his emphasis on plot and performance. Following Frank Capra's example in It Happened One Night and his earlier success Holiday, Cukor employs a screwball comic style which avoids explicit romance between two leading characters. He instead pits them against each other, creating romantic courtship through character tensions.

Because the audience knows that the characters are Hepburn and Grant, two movie stars who have been paired before in Cukor's Sylvia Scarlett and Holiday and Howard Hawks's Bringing Up Baby, the audience is predisposed to want them to get together. Cukor plays with this expectation throughout the film but especially in the famous opening scene: Grant is tossed out the front door; Hepburn appears at the door where she breaks one of Grant's golf clubs; she tosses the clubs after him and slams the door; Grant returns to the door and rings the bell; when Hepburn answers, he pushes her in the face.

Not a single word is spoken in this scene. Its comic success depends as much on Hepburn's star image as on the superb timing. During the latter 1930s, Hepburn headed the list by the Independent Theatre Owners Association of "box-office poison" movie stars. Critics found her grating, "mannish," or too intense. Cukor, who had directed Hepburn in five previous films, said that she was unattractive to audiences in the late 1930s because she "never was a 'love me. I'm a lovable little girl' kind of actress. She always challenged the audience, and . . . they felt something arrogant in her playing." In The Philadelphia Story, Hepburn and Cukor capitalized on these aspects of her image, turning them to Hepburn's advantage by establishing Tracy as a haughty, inflexible snob who becomes lovable when she exposes her underlying vulnerability and fragility.

The Philadelphia Story broke attendance records at the Radio City Music Hall in New York City. The critical and popular success of the film was especially sweet to Hepburn, who had selected the film as a vehicle for her return to movies after a two year hiatus. After Holiday and Bringing Up Baby had brought her additional negative reviews, she angrily left Hollywood. Hepburn vowed to return only if the role and circumstances were right. The Tracy Lord character in The Philadelphia Story not only provided the right role, but it afforded Hepburn the opportunity to create the right circumstances. During her Broadway stint in the play, she acquired the movie rights which she then sold to MGM in a deal that guaranteed her the movie role of Tracy Lord and choice of director and co-stars.

The Philadelphia Story's success led to its remake as a film musical in 1956. Though High Society features music and lyrics by Cole Porter and stars Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra, and Grace Kelly, it lacks the sparkle and comic tautness of the original.

—Lauren Rabinovitz

Philadelphia Story, The (1939), a comedy by Philip Barry. [Shubert Theatre, 417 perf.] Because the marriage of the socially prominent “virgin goddess” Tracy Lord ( Katharine Hepburn) to the self‐made, priggish George Kitteredge ( Frank Fenton) is news, Destiny magazine assigns Mike Connor ( Van Heflin), a tough special reporter, and Elizabeth Imbrie ( Shirley Booth), a wisecracking photographer, to cover the event. The pre‐wedding festivities are made all the more interesting by the arrival of Tracy's first husband, C. K. Dexter Haven ( Joseph Cotten), whose subtle baiting of Tracy exacerbates her private doubts about the marriage. The night before the nuptials she drinks too much and winds up swimming nude in the family pool with Mike. This proves more than George can take, but after he leaves the wedding goes on—with Dexter once again the groom. Barry wrote the comedy with Hepburn in mind and the Theatre Guild produced it, becoming a great success for all three. Although many critics felt it was inferior to some of the author's earlier works, the public disagreed. Often produced at colleges and in regional theatres, the play was successfully revived on Broadway in 1980 with Blythe Danner, Edward Herrmann, and Frank Converse. The play became the popular movie musical High Society (1956); when the film was adapted into a stage musical in 1998 with the same name, it quickly closed on Broadway.

Philadelphia Story, The, play by Philip Barry.