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Bard, The

The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature | 2003 | | Copyright

Bard, The, a Pindaric ode by Gray, published 1757, based on a tradition that Edward I ordered the violent suppression of the Welsh bards. It opens with the surviving Bard's cursing of the conqueror as he and his army return from Snowdon in 1283; he laments his slaughtered comrades, whose ghosts prophesy the fate of the Plantagenets. The Bard then foretells the return of the house of Tudor and commits triumphant suicide. Johnson's dismissal of the poem (Lives of the English Poets, 1781) outraged its many admirers, who regarded it as a fine example of the sublime, and it exerted a considerable influence on the imagination of both poets and painters (e.g. Blake and John Martin).

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MARGARET DRABBLE and JENNY STRINGER. "Bard, The." The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 29 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

MARGARET DRABBLE and JENNY STRINGER. "Bard, The." The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. (May 29, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O54-BardThe.html

MARGARET DRABBLE and JENNY STRINGER. "Bard, The." The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature. 2003. Retrieved May 29, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O54-BardThe.html

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Bard, The

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music | 1996 | | Copyright

Bard, The (Barden). Tone-poem for orch., Op.64, by Sibelius, comp. 1913, rev. 1914. F.p. Helsinki 1913, cond. Sibelius. F.p. in England 1935 (broadcast, cond. Boult, public 1938, cond. Beecham).

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MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "Bard, The." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. 29 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "Bard, The." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. (May 29, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O76-BardThe.html

MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "Bard, The." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Retrieved May 29, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O76-BardThe.html

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