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Ta-hui Tsung-kao
Ta-hui Tsung-kao (1089–1163). One of a pair of Chinese Ch'an monks of the Sung dynasty period who defined the difference in the practices of the Ts'ao-tung and Lin-chi schools. The other, Hung-chih Cheng-chüeh (1091–1157), argued that meditation was a self-fulfilling activity rather than a goal-oriented one, and counseled students to just sit and in so doing to manifest their innate Buddha-nature. Ta-hui, in contrast, belittled this as ‘silent illumination Ch'an’ (Chin., ‘mo chao Ch'an’, a term that ironically came to be used as a proper designation rather than a derogatory term), and promoted a more active style of Ch'an wherein the practitioner strove after enlightenment with all his energy, primarily through the use of riddles (Chin., kung-an; Jap., kōan). He used the kōan to generate a great doubt in the student's mind so as to induce a crisis that could only be overcome through awakening. His teachings, and his controversy with Hung-chih, helped to identify the Lin-chi school as the more active and goal-oriented, and the Ts'ao-tung as the more passive and philosophical.
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DAMIEN KEOWN. "Ta-hui Tsung-kao." A Dictionary of Buddhism. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. DAMIEN KEOWN. "Ta-hui Tsung-kao." A Dictionary of Buddhism. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O108-TahuiTsungkao.html DAMIEN KEOWN. "Ta-hui Tsung-kao." A Dictionary of Buddhism. 2004. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O108-TahuiTsungkao.html |
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Ta-hui Tsung-kao
Ta-hui Tsung-kao (Jap., Daie Soko, 1089–1163), Ch'an/Zen teacher in the Rinzai school. He was the dharma-successor (hassu) of Yüan-wu K'o-ch'in, and was a major advocate of training by use of kōans. In this he opposed his friend, Hung-chih Cheng-chüeh, who accepted kōans, but put emphasis on quiet meditation, as in his brief text, Mo-chao ming, Jap., Mokushomei (The Seal of Silent Illumination). Ta-hui called this jazen, unwise Zen, dismissing those who practise it. Ta-hui gave to this position the name mokushu zen, i.e., ‘silent-illumination zen’. Hung-chih called the way of Ta-hui k'an-hua ch'an, Japanese kanna zen, ‘Kōan-gazing zen’, and these two names were adopted as the names of these two positions.
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Cite this article
JOHN BOWKER. "Ta-hui Tsung-kao." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN BOWKER. "Ta-hui Tsung-kao." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-TahuiTsungkao.html JOHN BOWKER. "Ta-hui Tsung-kao." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-TahuiTsungkao.html |
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