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estate villages
estate villages, the conventional term used by historians and geographers to describe rural settlements founded, refounded, or otherwise modernized by individual. landlord families and wholly or predominantly owned by them. It is estimated that over 600 villages, and 150 towns, were created or improved in this way between c.1700 and c.1845, and of these approximately one‐third were of medieval or plantation origin. The majority were located in a zone extending from south‐east Ulster, through the east midlands, to north‐east Munster, and displayed considerable variation in size, design, and formality. Some, such as Castlewellan, Co. Down, or Westport, Co. Mayo, were planned by their owners on broadly Renaissance principles as architectural ‘set pieces’. Many more were rebuilt incrementally using building leases and tenant capital, with landlord investment confined to the provision of markets or other utilities. Motivations were complex: improved market facilities enhanced rents and the landlord's control over the local economy; the use of a fashionable architectural repertoire reaffirmed his elite peer‐group status; while the demonstration of his ability to transform a geographical locality affirmed his belief in the permanence of his presence in a plural and divided society.
Lindsay Proudfoot |
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Cite this article
"estate villages." The Oxford Companion to Irish History. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "estate villages." The Oxford Companion to Irish History. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O245-estatevillages.html "estate villages." The Oxford Companion to Irish History. 2007. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O245-estatevillages.html |
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Crossley-Holland, Kevin
Crossley-Holland, Kevin (1941– ), poet and translator from Old English, born in Buckinghamshire, educated at St Edmund Hall, Oxford. His collections include The Rain-Giver (1972), The Dream-House (1976), Time's Oriel (1983), Waterslain (1986), the title work of which is a sequence of 25 poems vividly evoking a village and its people, and The Painting-Room (1988). His translations include The Battle of Maldon and Other Old English Poems (1965), Beowulf (1968), Storm and other Old English Riddles (1970), The Exeter Book Riddles (1978), and The Old English Elegies (1988). Although he has travelled widely, his work is drawn towards the landscape, history, and legend of East Anglia, particularly to the ‘marsh, mud, creeks, shifting sand’ of its coastline. East Anglian folk tales and Norse myths also feature in his works for children.
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MARGARET DRABBLE and JENNY STRINGER. "Crossley-Holland, Kevin." The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. MARGARET DRABBLE and JENNY STRINGER. "Crossley-Holland, Kevin." The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O54-CrossleyHollandKevin.html MARGARET DRABBLE and JENNY STRINGER. "Crossley-Holland, Kevin." The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature. 2003. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O54-CrossleyHollandKevin.html |
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South Holland
South Holland village (1990 pop. 22,105), Cook co., NE Ill., a suburb of Chicago; settled 1846 by Dutch, inc. 1894. |
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"South Holland." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "South Holland." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-SthHol.html "South Holland." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-SthHol.html |
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