Sir John de Hawkwood

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Sir John de Hawkwood

Sir John de Hawkwood d. 1394, English soldier. He fought in the French wars of Edward III and was knighted, although it is not known when or where. With his "white company" of mercenaries, he entered (1362) Italy and became a condottiere . He served sometimes one republic, sometimes another, but he was employed most regularly by Florence, where he died. The cathedral in Florence contains an equestrian portrait of Hawkwood by Paolo Uccello.

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"Sir John de Hawkwood." The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 27 Nov. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

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Fortescue, Sir John

The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature | 2003 | | Â© The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature 2003, originally published by Oxford University Press 2003. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Fortescue, Sir John (?1394–?1476), chief justice of the king's bench under Henry VI, and the earliest English constitutional lawyer. His principal works were a Latin treatise, De Natura Legis Naturae (1461–3), distinguishing absolute from constitutional monarchy; an English treatise on the same subject (Monarchia or The Difference between an Absolute and a Limited Monarchy); a Latin treatise, De Laudibus Legum Angliae (1471); and an English work, On the Governance of England (1470s, ed. C. Plummer, 1885). His recantation of his Lancastrian views is contained in A Declaration upon Certain Wrytinges (1471–3).

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MARGARET DRABBLE and JENNY STRINGER. "Fortescue, Sir John." The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 27 Nov. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

MARGARET DRABBLE and JENNY STRINGER. "Fortescue, Sir John." The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. (November 27, 2009). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O54-FortescueSirJohn.html

MARGARET DRABBLE and JENNY STRINGER. "Fortescue, Sir John." The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature. 2003. Retrieved November 27, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O54-FortescueSirJohn.html

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	A very imperfect, ungentle knight John Adamson considers the career of Sir John Hawkwood, the English mercenary who terrorised 14th- century Italy Newspaper article from: The Sunday Telegraph London; 10/31/2004; ; 700+ words ; Hawkwood: Diabolical Englishman by Frances Stonor...establish this diabolical reputation: Sir John Hawkwood - an Essex- born knight and mercenary...move on to service in northern Italy. Hawkwood was one of those knights who signed up...
	HAWKWOOD: THE DIABOLICAL ENGLISHMAN Magazine article from: The Spectator; 12/11/2004; ; 700+ words ; ...superstition and brutality'. Sir John Hawkwood, the mediaeval mercenary, died...and Machiavellian adroitness, Hawkwood was immortalised in a fresco portrait...portrait proclaims, 'This is John Hawkwood, British knight, esteemed...
	An unsung villain: the reputation of a condottiere: Stephen Cooper describes how John Hawkwood, a tanner's son from Essex, became a mercenary in late fourteenth-century Italy, and after his death acquired a reputation as a first-class general and as a model of chivalry. Magazine article from: History Today; 1/1/2006; ; 700+ words ; ...equestrian portrait of the Englishman Sir John Hawkwood (d.1394). It was painted by Paolo Uccello in 1436 and shows Hawkwood as Captain-General of Florence...MILITARIS PERITISSIMUS HABITUS EST (John Hawkwood the British Knight, who...
	An antihero from the dark and violent 14th century.(BOOKS) Newspaper article from: The Washington Times; 8/28/2005; 700+ words ; ...the Middle Ages, English knight Sir John Hawkwood emerges as an antihero in keeping...the great mercenaries, although Hawkwood, said to be the inspiration for...mayhem. Chaucer reportedly used Hawkwood as source material for his writings...
	Sex, violence, and saints' images: Paul Verhoeven's 1985 film Flesh + Blood.(Critical essay) Magazine article from: Michigan Academician; 9/22/2008; ; 700+ words ; ...medieval films of the same decade are John Boorman's Excalibur (1981...under a condottiere by the name of Hawkwood in the interests of an exiled nobleman...should resonate with medievalists, Sir John Hawkwood being the great mercenary captain...
	Paperbacks Newspaper article from: The Sunday Telegraph London; 7/10/2005; ; 700+ words ; ...have been in a perpetual rage. Hawkwood: Diabolical Englishman by Frances...99 THERE'S a grand memorial to Sir John Hawkwood in Florence Cathedral painted by...money on the hire of mercenaries; Hawkwood did well out of rival Italian states...
	Straightforward language is another casualty of war Newspaper article from: The Independent - London; 9/22/2007; ; 700+ words ; ...Duke of Urbino, patron of Piero della Francesca, and Sir John Hawkwood, the knight from Essex whose service to Florence is...We can supply thousands of tough men with guns.") Hawkwood may have massacred a few innocent people in his time...
	Obituary: Richard Pape Newspaper article from: The Independent - London; 7/12/1995; ; 700+ words ; ...Colegate remarked when she heard of his death, than Sir John Hawkwood. In 1952, with Isobel Colegate, I set up as a literary...though he never drew blood.) Vanora, daughter of Sir Archie McIndoe, the best - and possibly the only true...
	Oh, You Gorgeous Gorge; British Painter David Hockney's Answer to Isms: A Huge, Vividly Painted Chasm Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 6/28/1998; ; 700+ words ; ...played, of course -- in the 1400s, Uccello painted Sir John Hawkwood on horseback, and convinced viewers they were looking both up at the belly of the horse and down over Sir John's shoulder. Still, to capture a 90-degree vertical...
	ERRATUM.(Correction Notice) Magazine article from: Canadian Journal of History; 12/1/2000; 509 words ; ...usually ended in the payment of huge bribes, like the thirty thousand florins extorted by the English condottiere Sir John Hawkwood in 1375, a sum that exceeded the government's total annual revenues. Resistance, however, was even more expensive...