|
Search over 100 encyclopedias and dictionaries: |
Research categories | Follow us on Twitter |
Research categories
View all topics in the newsView all reference sources at Encyclopedia.com |
|||
Schism
Schism (Gk., schisma, ‘tear, rent’). A formal division of a religious body into separate parties. In Christian usage the word refers to sects or churches separating from communion with one another where heresy is not involved. Early schismatic bodies (i.e. from the Catholic Church) included the Novatianists and Donatists. The Orthodox and Catholic churches have been divided by schism (the ‘East–West schism’) since 1054. See also GREAT SCHISM. Schism appeared early in the history of Buddhism, due in part to the Buddha's refusal to appoint a successor as leader of the Order and his reluctance to impose a rigid discipline in matters of monastic practice.
A schism (saṃghabheda) is defined as occurring when nine fully ordained monks leave a community together, as a result of dissent, and perform their own communal services apart. If the number is less than nine, there is ‘dissent’ rather than schism. To cause a schism maliciously or from selfish motives is considered a grave offence and one destined for swift retribution (anantārya). |
|
|
Cite this article
JOHN BOWKER. "Schism." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN BOWKER. "Schism." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Schism.html JOHN BOWKER. "Schism." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Schism.html |
|
schism
schism. Schism appeared early in the history of Buddhism due in part to the Buddha's refusal to appoint a successor as leader of the monastic order (Saṃgha) and his reluctance to impose a rigid discipline in matters of monastic practice. He counselled his followers to be ‘lamps unto themselves’ and Buddhism has never recognized a supreme source of authority in matters of doctrine or practice. Technically, a schism (saṃghabheda) is defined as occurring when nine fully ordained monks leave a community together as a result of dissent and perform their own ecclesiatical services. If the number is less than nine there is ‘dissent’ rather than schism. To cause a schism maliciously or from selfish motives is considered a grave offence and one destined for swift retribution (ānantarya-karma). On the effects of schism in Buddhism see Eighteen Schools Of Early Buddhism.
|
|
|
Cite this article
DAMIEN KEOWN. "schism." A Dictionary of Buddhism. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. DAMIEN KEOWN. "schism." A Dictionary of Buddhism. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O108-schism.html DAMIEN KEOWN. "schism." A Dictionary of Buddhism. 2004. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O108-schism.html |
|
schism
schism Split or division within a Church, sect, or other religious organization, or a breakaway from a Church. Before the Protestant Reformation, there were two other important schisms within Christianity. The first was the split between the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Western (Roman Catholic) Church, brought about by the two churches drifting apart over centuries, and by an escalating series of disputes culminating in a complete break in 1054. The so-called Great Schism occurred in the 14th and 15th centuries, and involved a split within the Roman Catholic Church itself. Various reasons, including civil war in Italy, led to the papacy transferring to Avignon, France, from 1309 to 1377. Rivalry grew between Avignon and Rome, with rival popes elected from 1378 to 1417. The schism was eventually resolved by the Council of Constance (1417).
|
|
|
Cite this article
"schism." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "schism." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-schism.html "schism." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-schism.html |
|
schism
schism. Formal and wilful separation from the unity of the Church. It is distinguished from heresy in that the separation involved is not doctrinal in basis. RC theologians account those out of communion with the Pope in a state of schism, though the Second Vatican Council Decree on Ecumenism stated that those baptized in other Christian communities were established ‘in a certain, albeit imperfect, communion with the Catholic Church’. The term ‘schism’ is often used by Anglican and Protestant theologians of divisions within the Church, e.g. of that between Anglicanism and Roman Catholicism.
|
|
|
Cite this article
E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "schism." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "schism." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-schism.html E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "schism." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-schism.html |
|
schism
schism / ˈs(k)izəm/ • n. a split or division between strongly opposed sections or parties, caused by differences in opinion or belief. ∎ the formal separation of a church into two churches or the secession of a group owing to doctrinal and other differences. ORIGIN: late Middle English: from Old French scisme, via ecclesiastical Latin from Greek skhisma ‘cleft,’ from skhizein ‘to split.’ |
|
|
Cite this article
"schism." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "schism." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-schism.html "schism." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-schism.html |
|
schism
schism breach of the unity of the visible Church XIV; offence of promoting this XV; sect so formed XVI. ME. s(c)isme — OF. s(c)isme (mod. schisme) — ecclL. schisma — Gr. skhisma rent, cleft, in N.T. division in the Church, f. base of skhizein split, cleave. The sp. was assim. XVI to the L. form.
So schismatic XIV (sb.) — (O)F. — ecclL. — ecclGr. schismatical XVI. |
|
|
Cite this article
T. F. HOAD. "schism." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. T. F. HOAD. "schism." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-schism.html T. F. HOAD. "schism." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-schism.html |
|
schism
schism A break or division in a social group, especially in a church or a sect. Schisms are common in evangelical Christian movements, where there is a special emphasis on conformity to orthodox belief and practice. Schism is also a common organizational problem in radical political movements.
|
|
|
Cite this article
GORDON MARSHALL. "schism." A Dictionary of Sociology. 1998. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. GORDON MARSHALL. "schism." A Dictionary of Sociology. 1998. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O88-schism.html GORDON MARSHALL. "schism." A Dictionary of Sociology. 1998. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O88-schism.html |
|
schism
schism From the Greek word meaning a split or division. In the NT (1 Cor. 12: 25) Paul uses the word when he deplores factions in the Church. From the 2nd cent. (Irenaeus) it is used of a formal separation from the Great Church.
|
|
|
Cite this article
W. R. F. BROWNING. "schism." A Dictionary of the Bible. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. W. R. F. BROWNING. "schism." A Dictionary of the Bible. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O94-schism.html W. R. F. BROWNING. "schism." A Dictionary of the Bible. 1997. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O94-schism.html |
|
schism
schism the formal separation of a Church into two Churches or the secession of a group owing to doctrinal and other differences. The word comes ultimately from Greek skhizein ‘to split’.
|
|
|
Cite this article
ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "schism." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "schism." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-schism.html ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "schism." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-schism.html |
|
schism
schism in religion: see heresy ; Schism, Great . |
|
|
Cite this article
"schism." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "schism." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-X-schism.html "schism." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-X-schism.html |
|
schism
schism
•chasm, spasm
•enthusiasm • orgasm • sarcasm
•ectoplasm • cytoplasm • iconoclasm
•cataplasm • pleonasm • phantasm
•besom • dirigisme
•abysm, arrivisme, chrism, chrisom, ism, prism, schism
•Shiism, theism
•Maoism, Taoism
•egoism • truism • Babism • cubism
•sadism • nudism • Sufism • ageism
•holism • cataclysm • monism • papism
•verism • aneurysm • purism • Nazism
•sexism • racism • paroxysm • autism
•macrocosm • microcosm • bosom
|
|
|
Cite this article
"schism." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "schism." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-schism.html "schism." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-schism.html |
|
Search over 100 encyclopedias and dictionaries:
HighBeam™ Research, Inc. © Copyright 2012. All rights reserved.
The Encyclopedia.com advertising network includes:
