Ancient History, Middle East

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Sardis

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

Sardis or Sardes , ancient city of Lydia, W Asia Minor, at the foot of Mt. Tmolus, 35 mi (56 km) NE of the modern Izmir, Turkey. As capital of Lydia, it was the political and cultural center of Asia Minor from 650 BC until the death of Croesus (c.547 BC). The first gold and silver coins were minted there in the 6th cent. BC An almost impregnable citadel, Sardis was nevertheless captured in 499 by the Ionians in the Persian Wars. In 133 it passed to the Romans. After being destroyed by an earthquake in AD 17, it was rebuilt by the Romans. The city was destroyed by Timur in the 14th cent. The actual site of the city was not discovered until 1958. Excavations have uncovered the Roman baths and gymnasium, the Greek Temple of Artemis (dating from the 4th cent. BC), the walls of the city when it was under Lydian rule, and inscriptions in old Lydian.

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Sardis

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church | 2000 | | Copyright

Sardis, a city in Lydia, Asia Minor. The Christian community there is one of the ‘Seven Churches’ addressed in Rev. (3: 1–6). In Late Antiquity it was a prosperous city; in the Middle Ages a significant centre and a bishopric, but by the 17th cent. there was only a Turkish village with no priest or church building.

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E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Sardis." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Sardis." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-Sardis.html

E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Sardis." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-Sardis.html

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Sardis

The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable | 2006 | | Copyright

Sardis an ancient city of Asia Minor, the capital of Lydia, whose ruins lie near the west coast of modern Turkey, to the north-east of Izmir; in the Bible, its Church was one of the Seven Churches of Asia referred to in Revelations. It was destroyed by Tamerlane in the 14th century.

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ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Sardis." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Sardis." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-Sardis.html

ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Sardis." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-Sardis.html

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Sardis

A Dictionary of the Bible | 1997 | | Copyright

Sardis Capital city of Lydia in the Roman province of Asia; its Church was one of the seven addressed in Rev. (1: 11; 3: 1, 4) and rebuked as moribund apart from a small nucleus of the faithful, not enough to diminish the influence of the imperial cult which had a centre in Sardis.

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W. R. F. BROWNING. "Sardis." A Dictionary of the Bible. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

W. R. F. BROWNING. "Sardis." A Dictionary of the Bible. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O94-Sardis.html

W. R. F. BROWNING. "Sardis." A Dictionary of the Bible. 1997. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O94-Sardis.html

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Sardis

Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes | 2007 | Copyright

Sardis •abyss, amiss, bis, bliss, Chris, Diss, hiss, kiss, Majlis, miss, piss, reminisce, sis, Swiss, this, vis •dais •Powys, prowess •loess, Lois •Lewes, lewis •abbess • ibis •Anubis, pubis •cannabis • arabis • duchess • purchase •caddis, Gladys •Candice •Sardis, Tardis •vendace • Charybdis •bodice, goddess •demigoddess • Aldiss • jaundice •de profundis • prejudice • hendiadys •cowardice • stewardess • preface •Memphis • aphis • edifice • benefice •orifice • artifice • office •surface, surface-to-surface •undersurface • haggis • aegis •burgess •clerkess, Theodorákis •Colchis

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

	SAMUEL PLAYS DOWN SARDIS CROWD ROW.(Sport) Newspaper article from: South Wales Echo (Cardiff, Wales); 4/6/2004
	Gloom in valley as Sardis Road could be facing final checkout.(Sport) Newspaper article from: Western Mail (Cardiff, Wales); 2/21/2005
	Rugby Union: Ponty fans want Moffett meeting on Sardis U-turn.(Sport) Newspaper article from: Western Mail (Cardiff, Wales); 11/18/2003