CIS and Baltic Political Geography

Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Further reading

Sarai

Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names | 2005 | | Copyright

Sarai, Astrakhan/Russia Archaeological remains near Volgograd. The name meant ‘Palace’ or ‘Court’, a Turkic word. Sarai was the capital of the Mongol Golden Horde, the Kipchak Khanate, between 1242 and the mid‐15th century and at its foundation the word meant little more than ‘Encampment’. This was known as Sarai Batu after Batu (d. c.1255), a grandson of Genghis Khan^†, who commanded the Mongol invasion of Europe in 1240. In due course, Sarai Berke, or Sarai al‐Jadid ‘New Sarai’, further up the Volga River was founded.

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JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Sarai." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Sarai." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Sarai.html

JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Sarai." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Sarai.html

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Sarai

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

Sarai , former city, S European Russia, near present-day Volgograd. Founded in 1241 by Batu Khan, it was (13th–15th cent.) the capital of the Tatar Golden Horde , to which the Russians paid tribute for more than 200 years. The city declined after Czar Ivan III threw off the Tatar yoke in 1480.

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"Sarai." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"Sarai." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Sarai.html

"Sarai." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Sarai.html

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

	A letter to Sarai.(Parenting) Newspaper article from: The Jewish Advocate (Boston, MA); 12/5/2008
	From "horse mail" to intimation of e-culture: profile of Sarai-CSDS as a... Magazine article from: Women in Action; 12/1/2005
	The Mideast, then and now.(PARSHAH: LECH-LECHA)(Abram, Sarai and Hagar and... Newspaper article from: The Jewish Advocate (Boston, MA); 10/30/2009