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Cooper, Samuel
Cooper, Samuel (1798–1876) Confederate army officer, born in Fishkill, New York. Cooper was military assistant to the secretary of war in the Martin Van Buren, James K. Polk, and Zachary Taylor administrations. He was the author of A Concise System of Instructions and Regulations for the Militia and Volunteers of the United States . . . (1836), which was very popular with state militias. He served as adjutant general of the army from 1852 until he resigned his commission in 1861. Cooper, a close friend and confidant of Jefferson Davis, had strong ties to the South and owned a farm in Virgina. Upon secession, Cooper traveled to the Confederate capital in Montgomery, Alabama, and offered his services to Davis. Davis appointed Cooper adjutant and inspector general of the Confederate army. Made a full general later in 1861, he remained throughout the Civil War the highest ranking officer of the Confederate army. Although Davis referred to him as chief of staff of the army, Cooper confined his office to administrative support.
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"Cooper, Samuel." The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Cooper, Samuel." The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O63-CooperSamuel.html "Cooper, Samuel." The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military. 2001. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O63-CooperSamuel.html |
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Cooper, Samuel
Cooper, Samuel (1608?–72). English miniaturist, the nephew and pupil of John Hoskins. The greatest English miniaturist of the 17th century, Cooper enjoyed a prosperous career and a European reputation (he is said to have travelled on the Continent as a young man). He worked for both sides during the Civil War and Commonwealth, and his sitters included Oliver Cromwell and Charles II. His portraits are almost always of the bust only, but within this limitation his range is remarkable: he presents each sitter (man or woman) with an individuality of characterization that can make the life-size portraits of contemporaries such as Lely appear doll-like, and his vigorous Baroque sense of design marks a complete break with the tradition of Hilliard and Hoskins. His brother Alexander (c.1609–c.1658) was also a miniaturist. He worked mainly on the Continent—in the Netherlands and at the court of Queen Christina in Stockholm.
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IAN CHILVERS. "Cooper, Samuel." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. IAN CHILVERS. "Cooper, Samuel." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O3-CooperSamuel.html IAN CHILVERS. "Cooper, Samuel." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists. 2003. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O3-CooperSamuel.html |
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Cooper, Samuel
Cooper, Samuel (1609–72). English miniaturist who enjoyed a European reputation. He was active before, during, and after the English Civil War and his patrons included Cromwell and Charles II, Milton and Monck. Cooper regarded the miniature as a painting, not a piece of the jeweller's art; with his use of light and shade, combined with superb draughtsmanship, he broke away from his predecessors, especially Hilliard.
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JOHN CANNON. "Cooper, Samuel." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "Cooper, Samuel." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-CooperSamuel.html JOHN CANNON. "Cooper, Samuel." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-CooperSamuel.html |
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