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Saint Leo IX
Saint Leo IX 1002-54, pope (1049-54), a German named Bruno of Toul, b. Alsace; successor of Damasus II. A relative of Holy Roman Emperor Henry III, he was educated at Toul and was made bishop there in 1027. Leo traveled widely, vigorously combating clerical incontinence and simony; his pontificate marks the beginning of papal reform in the 11th cent. The heresy of Berengar of Tours concerning the Real Presence also occupied the attention of the pope. St. Leo mediated questions presented by England, France, and Hungary. He added to the papal lands in Italy through an exchange with Emperor Henry III. He fought the Normans of S Italy, but was defeated (1053) at Civitella. The bitter feeling between East and West brought an attack (1053) on the pope by Michael Cerularius, the patriarch of Constantinople. This culminated in the excommunication of Michael and those in his communion by the papal legates (1054). He was succeeded by Victor II. Feast: Apr. 19. |
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"Saint Leo IX." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 12 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Saint Leo IX." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (February 12, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Leo9-St.html "Saint Leo IX." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Retrieved February 12, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Leo9-St.html |
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Leo IX, St
Leo IX, St (1002–54) Pope (1048–54). An able church reformer, he enlisted like-minded churchmen to assist him including Hildebrand (later Pope GREGORY VII). His chief concerns were SIMONY and clerical celibacy; at the Easter synod of 1049 celibacy was enforced on all clergy. Attempting to establish papal control in southern Italy, Leo's forces were defeated by the Normans and he was made prisoner. His interference in south Italy in areas claimed by the BYZANTINE EMPIRE led to the EAST-WEST SCHISM of 1054 when the Patriarch of Constantinople was excommunicated. He died soon after being released from prison and, for his work in restoring the prestige of the papacy, was declared a saint.
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"Leo IX, St." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 12 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Leo IX, St." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (February 12, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-LeoIXSt.html "Leo IX, St." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Retrieved February 12, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-LeoIXSt.html |
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Leo IX, St
Leo IX, St (1002–54), Pope from 1048. He at once began the reform of the Church from its decadence of 150 years and did much to foster a new ideal of the Papacy. At the Easter Synod of 1049 celibacy was enforced on all the clergy, and soon afterwards various Councils promulgated decrees against simony and other abuses. At a synod in Rome in 1050 Berengar of Tours was condemned for his Eucharistic doctrine. Feast day, 19 Apr.
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E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Leo IX, St." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 12 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Leo IX, St." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (February 12, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-LeoIXSt.html E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Leo IX, St." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Retrieved February 12, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-LeoIXSt.html |
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