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St Andrews
St Andrews is a city, royal burgh, and university town in the north-east of the county of Fife in Scotland, some 55 miles north of Edinburgh. It developed from a royal fortress of the Picts situated on the site later built over by St Andrews castle. Celtic clergy were attracted to nearby Kilrymont. Never technically part of the medieval burgh, this area fostered the cult of St Andrew, which became national. Between 1160 and 1318 was built the cathedral which with its 357-foot long nave was the largest church in Scotland.
A municipality was erected under Bishop Robert around 1140. In 1412–13 Bishop Wardlaw and Pope Benedict XIII incorporated and chartered St Andrews University, the nation's first. An important medieval town, and from 1472 the seat of an archbishop, St Andrews was a cockpit of the Reformation. John Knox retired there, while Andrew Melville, father of Scots presbyterianism and bane of King James VI and I, was head of St Mary's College. Still the university of Scotland's aristocracy in the 17th cent., it declined in the 18th due to Jacobite associations, reviving in the 20th. Uniquely good golfing facilities helped the town to become a residential and resort centre from the mid-19th cent. Bruce Philip Lenman |
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JOHN CANNON. "St Andrews." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "St Andrews." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-StAndrews.html JOHN CANNON. "St Andrews." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-StAndrews.html |
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St Andrews
St Andrews is a city, royal burgh, and university town in the north‐east of the county of Fife in Scotland. It developed from a royal fortress of the Picts situated on the site later built over by St Andrews castle. Never technically part of the medieval burgh, this area fostered the cult of St Andrew, which became national. Between 1160 and 1318 was built the cathedral which with its 357–foot long nave was the largest church in Scotland.
A municipality was erected under Bishop Robert around 1140. In 1412–13 Bishop Wardlaw and Pope Benedict XIII incorporated and chartered St Andrews University, the nation's first. St Andrews was a cockpit of the Reformation. John Knox retired there, while Andrew Melville, father of Scots presbyterianism and bane of King James VI and I, was head of St Mary's College. Uniquely good golfing facilities helped the town to become a residential and resort centre from the mid‐19th cent. |
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Cite this article
JOHN CANNON. "St Andrews." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "St Andrews." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-StAndrews.html JOHN CANNON. "St Andrews." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-StAndrews.html |
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Saint Andrews
Saint Andrews town (1991 pop. 11,302), Fife, E Scotland, on the North Sea. A summer resort, it is famous for its golf courses. It was the seat of an archbishop from 908 and the ecclesiastical capital of Scotland until the Reformation. St. Andrews Cathedral, the largest in Scotland, but now a ruin, was founded in 1160 and plundered by Protestants in 1559. At St. Andrews the Protestant reformers Patrick Hamilton and George Wishart were burned. Protestants, among them John Knox , seized the bishop's palace (now also a ruin) in 1546 and held it for a year against siege by the French forces of Mary of Guise. The Univ. of St. Andrews, which dates from 1410, is the oldest in Scotland. The Royal and Ancient Golf Club is there. |
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Cite this article
"Saint Andrews." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Saint Andrews." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-StAndrws.html "Saint Andrews." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-StAndrws.html |
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Saint Andrews
Saint Andrews, Canada, New Zealand, UK UK (Scotland): earlier Kilrimont ‘Church of the Royal Mount’. The earliest recorded form of the name, Cind righ monaigh, is an indication that Gaelic cinn ‘end’ had been replaced by cill ‘church’. It was renamed Sancti Andree after the patron saint of Scotland after his relics had been brought here by St Rule, possibly in the 4th century. He built a shrine for them and the church was dedicated to St Andrew in the 8th century.
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Cite this article
JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Saint Andrews." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Saint Andrews." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-SaintAndrews.html JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Saint Andrews." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-SaintAndrews.html |
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St Andrews
St Andrews Fife. Sancti Andree c.1158. ‘(Place with the shrine of) St Andrew’. The relics of St Andrew are said to have been brought here in the 8th cent. Also known in the 12th and 13th centuries as Kilrimont, probably ‘church of the royal hill’, from Gaelic cill + rígmonad.
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A. D. MILLS. "St Andrews." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. A. D. MILLS. "St Andrews." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O40-StAndrews.html A. D. MILLS. "St Andrews." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O40-StAndrews.html |
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St Andrews
St Andrews Royal burgh and university town in Fife, on the ne coast of Scotland. It was the ecclesiastical capital of Scotland until the Reformation. The rules of golf were devised at the Royal and Ancient Golf Club. Pop. (2000 est.) 14,500.
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Cite this article
"St Andrews." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "St Andrews." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-StAndrews.html "St Andrews." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-StAndrews.html |
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