Rulers of the Roman Empire
Rulers of the Roman Empire
Rulers of the Roman Empire
( including dates of reign ) |
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| Augustus, grandnephew of Julius Caesar, 27 BC-AD 14
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| Tiberius, stepson of Augustus, AD 14-AD 37
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| Caligula, grandnephew of Tiberius, 37-41
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| Claudius, uncle of Caligula, 41-54
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| Nero, stepson of Claudius, 54-68
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| Galba, proclaimed emperor by his soldiers, 68-69
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| Otho, military commander, 69
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| Vespasian, military commander, 69-79
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| Vitellius, military commander, 69
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| Titus, son of Vespasian, 79-81
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| Domitian, son of Vespasian, 81-96
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| Nerva, elected interim ruler, 96-98
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| Trajan, adopted son of Nerva, 98-117
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| Hadrian, ward of Trajan, 117-38
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| Antoninus Pius, adopted by Hadrian, 138-61
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| Marcus Aurelius, adopted by Antoninus Pius, 161-80
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| Lucius Verus, adopted by Antoninus Pius; ruled jointly Marcus Aurelius, 161-69
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| Commodus, son of Marcus Aurelius, 180-92
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| Pertinax, proclaimed emperor by the Praetorian Guard, 193
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| Didius Julianus, bought office from the Praetorian Guard, 193
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| Severus, proclaimed emperor, 193-211
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| Caracalla, son of Severus, 211-17
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| Geta, son of Severus, ruled jointly with Caracalla, 211-12
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| Macrinus, proclaimed emperor by his soldiers, 217-18
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| Heliogabalus, cousin of Caracalla, 218-22
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| Alexander Severus, cousin of Heliogabalus, 222-35
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| Maximin, proclaimed emperor by soldiers, 235-38
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| Gordian I, made emperor by the senate, 238
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| Gordian II, son of Gordian I, ruled jointly with his father, 238
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| Balbinus, elected joint emperor by the senate, 238
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| Pupienus Maximus, elected joint emperor with Balbinus by the senate, 238
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| Gordian III, son of Gordian II, 238-44
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| Philip (the Arabian), assassin of Gordian III, 244-49
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| Decius, proclaimed emperor by the soldiers, 249-51
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| Hostilianus, son of Decius, colleague of Gallus, 251
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| Gallus, military commander, 251-53
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| Aemilianus, military commander, 253
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| Valerian, military commander, 253-60
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| Gallienus, son of Valerian, coemperor with his father and later sole emperor, 253-68
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| Claudius II, military commander, 268-70
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| Aurelian, chosen by Claudius II as successor, 270-75
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| Tacitus, chosen by the senate, 275-76
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| Florianus, half brother of Tacitus, 276
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| Probus, military commander, 276-82
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| Carus, proclaimed by the Praetorian Guard, 282-83
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| Carinus, son of Carus, 283-85
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| Numerianus, son of Carus, joint emperor with Carinus, 283-84
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| Diocletian, military commander, divided the empire; ruled jointly with Maximian and Constantius I, 284-305
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| Maximian, appointed joint emperor by Diocletian, 286-305
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| Constantius I, joint emperor and successor of Diocletian, 305-6
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| Galerius, joint emperor with Constantius I, 305-10
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| Maximin, nephew of Galerius, 308-13
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| Licinius, appointed emperor in the West by Galerius; later emperor in the East, 308-24
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| Maxentius, son of Maximian, 306-12
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| Constantine I (the Great), son of Constantius I, 306-37
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| Constantine II, son of Constantine I, 337-40
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| Constans, son of Constantine I, 337-50
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| Constantius II, son of Constantine I, 337-61
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| Magnentius, usurped Constans' throne, 350-53
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| Julian (the Apostate), nephew of Constantine I, 361-63
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| Jovian, elected by the army, 363-64
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| Valentinian I, proclaimed by the army; ruled in the West, 364-75
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| Valens, brother of Valentinian I; ruled in the East, 364-78
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| Gratian, son of Valentinian I; coruler in the West with Valentinian II, 375-83
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| Maximus, usurper in the West, 383-88
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| Valentinian II, son of Valentinian I, ruler of the West, 375-92
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| Eugenius, usurper in the West, 393-94
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| Theodosius I (the Great), appointed ruler of the East, 379-95, by Gratian; last ruler of united empire, 394-95
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Emperors in the East
(until the fall of Rome; see table entitled Rulers of the Byzantine Empire for later emperors) |
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| Arcadius, son of Theodosius I, 395-408
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| Theodosius II, son of Arcadius, 408-50
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| Marcian, brother-in-law of Theodosius II, 450-57
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| Leo I, chosen by the senate, 457-74
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| Leo II, grandson of Leo I, 474
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| Zeno, 474-75
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| Basilicus, 475-76
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| Emperors in the West |
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| Honorius, son of Theodosius I, 395-423
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| Maximus, usurper in Spain, 409-11
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| Constantius III, named joint emperor by Honorius, 421
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| Valentinian III, nephew of Honorius and son of Constantius III, 425-55
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| Petronius Maximus, bought office by bribery, 455
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| Avitus, placed in office by Goths, 455-56
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| Majorian, puppet emperor of Ricimer, 457-61
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| Libius Severus, puppet emperor of Ricimer, 461-65
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| Anthemius, appointed by Ricimer and Leo I, 467-72
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| Olybrius, appointed by Ricimer, 472-73
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| Glycerius, appointed by Leo I, 473-74
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| Julius Nepos, appointed by Leo I, 474-75
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| Romulus Augustulus, put in office by Orestes, his father, 474-76
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