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Pai-chang Huai-hai
Pai-chang Huai-hai (Jap., Hyakujō Ekai; 720–814). Chʾan/Zen master, dharma-successor (hassu) of Ma-tsu Tao-i. His major achievement was to establish a rule of life for Chʾan monasteries, thereby securing their independence and self-identity in relation to other Buddhist schools—hence his title, ‘The patriarch who created the forest’ (i.e. the communities of many monks). His rule was first practised in the monastery he founded, Ta-chih shou-sheng chʾan-ssu (Jap., Daichijushō-zenji), where the vital addition of a monks' hall (sōdō) was first made, allowing the Zen monk's ‘life on a straw mat’ during periods of ascetic training—i.e. the mat on which he would sleep, eat, and meditate.
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JOHN BOWKER. "Pai-chang Huai-hai." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN BOWKER. "Pai-chang Huai-hai." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-PaichangHuaihai.html JOHN BOWKER. "Pai-chang Huai-hai." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-PaichangHuaihai.html |
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Pai-chang Huai-hai
Pai-chang Huai-hai (749–814). A mid-T'ang dynasty Chinese Ch'an monk who attained enlightenment (bodhi) as a disciple of the famous master Ma-tsu Tao-i (709–88). He is primarily known for formulating a rule called the ‘Pure Rules of Pai-chang’ (Chin., Pai-chang ch'ing-kuei) that regularized and systematized the accumulated ‘house rules’ of previous Ch'an communities, creating a formal tradition out of what had been a set of ad hoc regulations. Pai-chang's original rule is no longer extant, but other ‘Pure Rules’ arose based upon it, and in 1338 the Yüan-dynasty emperor ordered the publication of a new revision of Pai-chang's rule.
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Cite this article
DAMIEN KEOWN. "Pai-chang Huai-hai." A Dictionary of Buddhism. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. DAMIEN KEOWN. "Pai-chang Huai-hai." A Dictionary of Buddhism. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O108-PaichangHuaihai.html DAMIEN KEOWN. "Pai-chang Huai-hai." A Dictionary of Buddhism. 2004. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O108-PaichangHuaihai.html |
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