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Mutʿa
Mutʿa (Arab., mattaʿa, (of God) ‘let one enjoy something’). Temporary marriage in Islam, a contracted marriage for a limited period. Based on Qurʾān 4. 24, this became a divisive issue between Sunni and Shīʿa Muslims. Sunnis take this to refer to marriage in the ordinary sense, Shiʿites that it authorizes mutʿa. The latter hold that the original text (suppressed by Sunnis) added, ilā ajalin musamman, ‘for a definite period’. Both parties agree that the Prophet Muḥammad allowed mutʿa in the early days, when Muslim men were engaged in campaigns which took them far from home for long periods. Sunnis then refer to ḥadīth in which Muḥammad makes it harām, appealing to the principle of ‘gradualism’ through which the true sunna became established (cf., badāʾ); and ʿUmar was explicit in forbidding it. However, the Shiʿites do not accept that ʿUmar had authority to prohibit what Muḥammad allowed.
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Cite this article
JOHN BOWKER. "Mutʿa." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN BOWKER. "Mutʿa." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Muta.html JOHN BOWKER. "Mutʿa." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Muta.html |
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muta
muta (It., plural mutano). Change, e.g. of kettle-drum tuning. muta D in C means change tuning from D to C (no connection with the word ‘mute’). Also used in connection with change of crook in brass instr.
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Cite this article
MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "muta." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "muta." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O76-muta.html MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "muta." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O76-muta.html |
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