Turkish and Ottoman History: Biographies

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Mustafa

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

Mustafa or Kara Mustafa [Turk. kara =black], d. 1683, Turkish grand vizier (chief executive officer) under Sultan Muhammad IV of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey). He succeeded his brother-in-law, Ahmed Köprülü . Ambitious and belligerent, he allied himself with the Hungarian rebels under Thököly against Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I and led the siege of Vienna in 1683. His military incompetence facilitated the relief of Vienna by King John III of Poland, and the besieging army, including Mustafa, fled in panic. Mustafa suffered several routs during his retreat through Hungary and, having reached Belgrade, was ordered to commit suicide by the sultan.

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"Mustafa." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"Mustafa." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Mustafa.html

"Mustafa." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Mustafa.html

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Muṣṭafa

A Dictionary of First Names | 2006 | | Copyright

Muṣṭafa ♂ (Arabic) ‘Pure’ or ‘chosen’. Al-Muṣṭafa ‘the Chosen One’ is an epithet of Muḥammad. For Arabic-speaking Christians it is an epithet of St Paul. Muṣṭafa Kamāl (1881–1938) was the founder of modern Turkey (president from 1922), known in Turkish as Atatürk ‘father of the Turks’.

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PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Muṣṭafa." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Muṣṭafa." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O41-Muafa.html

PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Muṣṭafa." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O41-Muafa.html

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Mustafa

A Dictionary of First Names | 2006 | | Copyright

Mustafa ♂ Muslim name meaning ‘pure’ or ‘chosen’. See Muṣṭafa.

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PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Mustafa." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Mustafa." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O41-Mustafa.html

PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Mustafa." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O41-Mustafa.html

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

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